Pricing Decisions Problems

Describe a skimming price and a penetration price Skimming and penetration pricing are two strategies for the creation of better profits. These strategies are employed by the businesses releasing new products and requiring promotion of the appearing goods. Penetration pricing is based on the offering of lower prices for the new products in order to attract buyers and create customer base.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Pricing Decisions Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main disadvantage of penetration price is that its gradual growth over time might lead to the loss of customers. Skimming pricing is a strategy consisting of three phases. Each phase has different product price, the first price is the highest and then it gradually goes down. This strategy is suitable for well known brands and relies on the chase after fashionable products. If the brand is not developed enough, this strategy will fail.  Alba and Gavigan are a celebrity couple, so their product would be the focus of customers’ attention right away, although skimming price may not work because the product is not a fashion attribute, it is about the health and welfare of babies, so the customers would be focused on choosing brands they trust over the ones that are fashionable. Offering a penetration price and then gradually raising it may distract some customers, yet since the product really is of good quality, this threat can be avoided if The Honest Company manages to win many loyal clients. This way, the couple is recommended to go with the penetration price; this will create reputation and help win the trust of customers. It is important to remember that the price should not be very low, but accessible; otherwise, the customers may start to doubt the quality of products.  Since Alba and Gavigan are oriented at the creation of honest business and maintaining long term profits, penetration price is the way to go. The celebrity status of the business owners will serve as a very good promotion tool for The Honest Company. This way, the company should expect high sales right away, and after the customers start to appreciate the products, loyalty developing strategies can be applied to keep and even maximize the size of The Honest Company’s customer base. Besides, this strategy fits into the company image anticipated by Alba and Gavigan. Their business provides good quality all-natural products for babies for a fair price. This strategy will secure their business from losing clients in the long term.  Finally, to keep increasing their profits over time, the business owners may start to increase the price for their goods gradually. Baby food and hygiene market is the field where the customers care about the quality of the products the most.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why once a company earns a reputation of a fair and reliable business their customer base size will become steady or even win more buyers ready to pay higher price for better quality products. What price would you bid if you must win the project? As the owner of a small building company willing to bid on a government contract for the building of a pedestrian walkway in a national park during the coming winter and having to compete with three other bidders I have made some calculations. First of all, I tried to estimate the approximate lowest bidding barrier for each of the bidders based on my competitor intelligence; this way, the first bidder has the lowest bidding price of $397980, as their incremental costs exceed those of my company by 10%, the second bidder’s lowest bidding price would be $435200, and the third bidder’s barrier is $484000, the lowest bidding price of my company is $428800, yet since my capacity utilization is moderate, the co mpany would not assign the lowest price possible and neither would my first and second competitors. The first bidder has the highest capacity utilization rate, so they are likely to bid the highest amount possible, which is for them approximately $442200 (incremental cost plus 50%), this way to win the project my company has to bid higher than $428800 and lower than $442200. The difference between the bid of my company and the first bidder has to be significant because the first decision maker is the buyer’s relative, so my final bidding price would estimate $435000. Since it is a government contract that assumes no extra costs, the buyer is likely to have very low risk tolerance and $7200 difference would be enough to break the family ties. To maximize my expected value from the contribution to this project I would assign a higher price of $455600 (incremental costs plus 70%) because my capacity utilization is moderate. With this price I would still have a good chance to win the project because the first bidder is a small and inefficient plant and they do not like winter contracts. The bidder number three is rather expensive, besides, the decision maker there is looking for a promotion and plain government contract is hardly a way towards that for a creative competitor from a large and efficient plant. Finally, the second bidder seems to have the same prices as my company, yet they do not appreciate messy and inconvenient jobs and their decision maker is looking for a new job, which serves as a strong de-motivating factor concerning the success of winning this project.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Pricing Decisions Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This coursework on Pricing Decisions Problems was written and submitted by user Grace Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Essays

Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Essays Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Paper Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Paper Essay Topic: Critical Thinking This essay will firstly, ascertain and examine what exactly critical thinking is. Secondly, it will provide a brief outline of Platos Apology, and then it will outline and assess how Platos defence is represented and understood as critical thinking. Finally, there will be a conclusion of what exactly being a critical thinker entails and a short paragraph explaining how the module has improved and expanded my own capacity for critical thinking. Young (1996, p. ) states that critical thinking is the capacity people have to question beliefs and presuppositions (their own and those of others) with a view to giving reasons for them or for amending them. Put more simply, critical thinking is the procedure for understanding and evaluating the evidence which supports a certain claim or view. Critical rationality which is the capacity to criticise, that is, to assess goals, rules and presuppositions themselves and where appropriate change them is a distinctively unique human trait, which gives human beings the power to engage critical thinking (Rationality Handout). It also involves rational decision making in whether to believe or discount a point, and it also involves accepting or rejecting certain evidence. It is not simply an exchange of opinions, but a critical and vigorous attempt to find ones way through discussion and argumentation. The Apology is Platos version of the speech given by Socrates as he defends himself against the charges of being a man who corrupted the young, refused to worship the gods, and created new deities (Schofield, 1998, p. 1). Young (1996, p. ) states that Plato sees philosophy itself as namely a style of thinking which is distinctively different from, for instance, science or religion or indeed anything else. So, philosophy for Plato is not a distinctive set of conclusions or of finished truths, but a distinctive style of thinking. For Plato, Socrates embodies this distinctive way of thinking and living that is philosophy, which Young (1996, p. 2) adds is not just another way of theorizing about life but also a new attitude toward life, even a new way of living life. Socrates begins by stating that the accusations against him began because people confused him with intellectuals who claim to have expert knowledge either in the natural sciences (cosmogonists), or in the social sciences or humanities (sophists). Socrates says There is a wise man called Socrates who has theories about the heavens above and has investigated everything below the earth, and can make the weaker argument defeat, the stronger (Young, 1996, p. 2). Socrates is, in the Apology, the very embodiment of philosophy or critical thinking, so by stating the differences he is stating that philosophy does not provide expert knowledge, but instead gives a different kind of human or limited knowledge. Socrates says of himself that it seems he really possesses this. And he hints that, limited though it be, the knowledge or wisdom that can be secured via philosophy is of decisive importance for human beings (Young, 1996, p. 3). The vital knowledge Socrates talks about is the abilities and vital skills philosophy learns people of questioning everything, being inquisitive in life and not accepting things for how they are. Socrates then goes on to tell a tall story about himself, which, as with all of the Apology, it isnt just the words spoken but the action and setting plus words left unspoken, which determine the texts meaning. Socrates tells the story of his friend Chaerephon who went to Delphi and through the oracle there asks the god if anyone was wiser than Socrates. The god said that there was no one. Socrates claims to have been astonished and then states that it was reverence toward the gods which led him by his questioning activity to challenge the leaders of the State (Young, 1996, p. 3): I knew I was making myself disliked, but felt compelled to put my duty to the god before all else And by the dog, Athenians! as I pursued my questioning at the gods command, it seemed to me that those with the greatest reputations for being wise were amongst the stupidest of all; others supposed to be their inferiors were wiser, and better people too. (Young, 1996, p. 3)) An important part of critical thinking is then, according to Socrates, having the ability and open mind to listen to and question everyones views. Socrates differentiates between the all-seeing knowledge of the gods and normal knowledge which humans can gain, and states that the wisest people are those who know that they can never have this definitive and ultimate knowledge. Young (1996, p. ) adds Socrates wisdom or knowledge consists in part in the fact that he (unlike his powerful interlocutors) knows the limits of his own knowledge (or the extent of his own ignorance), whereas they do not: a person who is ignorant of x but knows herself to be ignorant of it, is to that extent wiser than someone who does not know it either but mistakenly thinks she does. Socrates gets his accusers to admit that they are ignorant and proud; to use Platos language, they are lovers of status, power and wealth, as opposed to lovers of knowledge and truth (Young, 1996, p. ) and states they will only ever become wise and less ignorant if they change their will and desire. Translating Socrates words, Young (1996, p. 4) comments Philosophical knowledge or wisdom, then, depends upon on the will at least as much as the intellect; upon desire and upon the direction of desire at least as much as abstract intellectual ratiocination; upon practice at least as, much as theorizing. Critical thinking then is an intellectual effort aiming at acquiring human self-knowledge or self- understanding. (Young, 1996, p. 4). In order to strive to achieve this, a person must have courage, be prepared to question and challenge oneself, and to continue on even though it may be upsetting some people, just as Socrates upset those in power through his philosophy of questioning and debating. Critical thinking is a way of living which one embodies in their attitudes and practices, it is also about taking others views and beliefs into consideration, and then challenging the very presuppositions that these beliefs rest on. To be a critical thinker is to be tolerant, not take things at face value and to realise that as humans our knowledge will always be limited. This should spur one on to be open-minded and to question ones thoughts and views. However, Socrates recognises that some people may be unwilling to do this out of fear of losing their credibility and reputation. One should not automatically assume what a person says is true just because they are in power, in the same way Socrates tells the youth to think for themselves and not believe everything politicians say. Young (1996, p. ) sees philosophy as a second-order study; first-order studies being those, such as sciences that deal with facts, where as second-order study focuses on the concepts using which first-order studies study the real world and its facts with a view to clarifying the structure and role of these concepts; or again instead of engaging in first-order evaluation of the world we focus on the evaluations and judgements whereby first-order evaluating is done; and so forth. Socrates was willing to die for philosophy and the distinctive way of thinking and living it entails; the statement he made he unquestioned life is not worth living (Platos Apology, p. 12) sums up his life and beliefs perfectly. He believes that critical thinking is good for both individuals and society, and that the freedom to think in this way should be defended. In asking what the good life was and how we could attain it, Socrates made critical thinking the patrimony of potentially every person who was willing to follow his leadership. His simple call to critically examine oneself and the world would both empower and challenge his followers throughout the ages. To be fully human after the example set by the life of Socrates would require any serious person to engage in the examined life (Polelle, 2008, p. 91). Socrates was the very embodiment of what it is to be a critical thinker, and he saw it as being such a crucial part of being a human being that he was willing to die for it. The very idea of critical thinking needs defending because there will always be people who are annoyed by it and who will try to take away others freedom to practice it, just as happened to Socrates in the Apology. I must admit that I have never had time for either religion or god. When I was younger I could not understand why people spent so much time out of their lives worshipping something that has never even been proved exists. It seemed very unusual to me that people would pray to a god when things got bad because how do they even know someones listening? It seemed obvious to me at the time that surely there is no higher being because if there really was, would this almighty god allow all of the suffering that goes on in the world to continue? Can there really be a god that created our earth? After studying the critical thinking module I no longer think this way. Im open to everything, even something that cant be proved, like god. I still question the ideas on which ideas and beliefs are based, but I am now more open to all ideas, no matter how strange they seem to me at the time. Instead of just ignoring the Jehovahs Witnesses at the door, I now say hi, collect some brochures from them and have a chat, although I cant see myself ever becoming a follower of Jehovah. I am open to ideas, such as god creating the world, however I do feel this is very unlikely. I have thought there must be something out there listening to gods worshippers, and surely he must exist otherwise he would not have so many followers. But then again, perhaps the bible is a hoax. I feel more inclined to believe that a big bang created the earth, mainly because there seems proof to support the fact. To be a critical thinker means to consider and debate all ideas and beliefs and I feel I am developing my ability to think critically. However, this does not mean I have to agree with everything or everyones points of view.

The Downsizing of Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Downsizing of Unions - Research Paper Example    This paper illustrates that management theorists contend that downsizing is an act, which reduces the size of the  firm with respect to job opportunities or possession with a goal of performance improvement. Critics supporting the process of downsizing argue that it is a means of improving organization competitiveness and effectiveness. The ever-changing economic situations have necessitated various organizations reorganize the models of operation in order to fit in the new environment. Many critics contend that downsizing and other structural reforms are options taken to avert the challenges of the ever-changing economic situation. The process of downsizing differs from other structural changes that organizations take because of the following reasons; first, the decision is deliberate and second, it intends to improve cost-effectiveness. However, critics have argued that layoffs may result into disposal of human resource who posses crucial skills thereby leading to disruption of o rganization memory. This means that the survivors of the downsizing will also suffer along-side the employees who have lost their job opportunities. Research on organization reforms has demonstrated that consequences of the organization restructuring may increase the uncertainty of the employees. It is probable that the above case can apply in union downsizing. During union downsizing job insecurity appears to be a stressor that would not only haunt employees who constitute the union but also the effectiveness of the union. The fear projected whenever unions think of downsizing is the continuity in the unstable situations. Research indicate that downsizing often generate a negative influence on employees who are members of the union. These influences are evident through the morale of employees to address their grievances or champion for change within their organizations. The insecurity of jobs is another concern that often features whenever the concept of downsizing of unions featur es. Job insecurity has consequences that transcend various facets of life i.e. from work association to individual’s health. Thus, the challenge that the concept of downsizing creates to the union might pose similar challenges as observed in organization downsizing. Although some critics argue that market trends may influence the operation of an organization into adopting downsizing as a structural reform, trade unions mandate differs from organizations, which offer job opportunities to employees. Downsizing in organizations lead to accelerated workloads. It reduces the number of employees while retaining the same functions discharged by the dislodged employees. This exposes the employees to strenuous activities, which might reduce their morale. Arguing on this assumption union downsizing would create a situation where union members fail to cast there faith on union ability to advocate for the workers. However, some critics oppose this view by arguing that union could be larg e but might fail to deliver its services to the employees. In such cases, downsizing of the union would be an option that aims at strengthening its mandate.

Risk Factor Handout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Factor Handout - Essay Example Main family risk factors for gang membership include the family structure (e.g., broken home), family poverty, child abuse or neglect, gang membership of family members (Howell, 2003 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004), sibling antisocial behavior, and parental attitudes favoring violence (Hill et al., 2001). Poor family management, including poor parental supervision (monitoring) and control of children, is also a risk factor of gang membership (Hill et al., 1999 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Le Blanc and Lanctot, 1998 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Thornberry, 1998 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Thornberry et al., 2003 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004). One of the most influential school-related risk factors for gang membership is low achievement in school, especially at the elementary level (Hill et al., 1999 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Le Blanc and Lanctot, 1998 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Thornberry et al., 2003 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004).

The Verdict screen-play Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Verdict screen-play - Research Paper Example It is in the first meeting with Galvin and the Bishop (who by way of his position as the head of the archdiocese, heads the hospital that mis-treated Kaye; the hospital is run by the archdiocese) that the audience clearly realizes that the major theme of the story is going to be what to choose- the so called greater good or the ethically, morally and politically right position. It is through the transformation of Galvin that this philosophical conflict unfolds. Galvin goes in to meet the Bishop with an inclination to get some compensatory amount for his client and through that acquire himself a decent commission on that. But even at that moment, it can be seen that the question that Dr. Gruber (the doctor who wanted to testify in favor of Kaye) had asked him was haunting him. After telling Galvin that he wanted to testify because he wanted â€Å"to do right†, Gruber had asked him, â€Å"Isn’t that why you’re doing it?†. This simple question was actually a leading question into the contradiction involved in making certain moral choices out of selfish motives or out of convenience. When the Bishop starts speaking to Galvin in their meeting next day, Galvin suddenly finds himself before the reality of the situation. The Bishop is seeking to settle the matter outside the court by giving compensation to Kaye, which he justifies in the greater good of preserving the reputation of his hospital. Two questions that Galvin asks are the keys to challenging the very notion of such a greater good as is presented by the Bishop. The first question is, â€Å"How did you settle on the amount?†, which actually is a pointer to the truth that nobody has the moral right to put a price on the life of a human being. The second question, though directly asked in the text, can be framed from the logic of the total situation as, ‘is it morally right to suppress truth?’, the truth being that a woman was killed by a mistake made by two docto rs. There are several aspects of the story that has to be considered when the contradiction between the ‘greater good’ proposed by the Bishop and the pure moral truth or ‘good’ that is upheld by Galvin is examined. These aspects can be, 1) it is a Christian religious head who is proposing such a solution. But Christianity is a religion that claims to be morally upright and humane; 2) It is a Bishop who is expected to stand up for all such values, who is making this proposition; 3) what is being fashioned by the Bishop as greater good will actually subvert an existing legal system,

Work-related stress amongst employees

Work-related stress amongst employees In the main, business managers are failing to deal with the problem of work-related stress amongst employees. Work-related stress is a common problem of modern lifestyle which has spread all over the world and touched almost all vocations (Life, nd, p.1). Job stress is a chronic disease caused by condition in the workplace that negatively affects an individuals performance and/or overall well-being of his body and mind (Life, nd, p.1). Sources of work-related stress include high demand of performance, family pressure, poor interpersonal relationships and career concerns. The consequence of the stress will lead to less self-confidence, worse performance and even suicide. As the stress which detrimental to peoples health has become more and more severely, how to cope with the situation is attracting increasing peoples attention. This essay focuses on problems of athletes stress and submits some solutions to the problems for sports managers. The natures of the stress can be split into two parts: physical symptoms and behavioral symptoms (speaking book, 2008). The physical symptoms include: tiredness, nausea, headaches, muscle tension, nervous twitches and altered sleep patterns. Aggression, anxiety, poor decision-making, inability to prioritize, mood changes, difficulty in concentrating, feelings of failure and isolation are belonging to behavioral symptoms (speaking book, 2008, p.95). All of these symptoms can reflect the athletes work-related stress. The causes of the athletes job stress are intricate and complex. They can be mostly divided into 4 parts-environmental issues, personal issues, leadership issues and team issues respectively. Firstly, environmental issues, which include selection, finance, and training environment, is a factor that contributes to the stress (Tim Lew, 2001). Selection is consisted of late selection, a lengthy selection process and unfair selection system. Some athletes illustrate that they feel nervous and tense if they do not know whether they will be chosen for competition. They fear that they will not have enough time to prepare the competition which lead to the stress. And some unfair selection also causes the stress of athletes as they can not obtain the chance of equal competition (Tim Lew, 2001). Finances play an important role in stress. It includes not having enough funding money and differential financial support. Athletes spend most of time on training so that they do not have extra time for earning money. Therefore, they have to obtain the funding from sport organization, sponsorship or family. If the financial support is not enough or is poorly managed, athletes will feel depressive and anxiety (Tim Lew, 2001). Training environment may be being able to lead to the athletes stress if athletes exist in the two opposite environments at the same time. The incompatible environment will make athletes feel uncomfortable. The second part which is the most important one is personal issues. Personal issues contain nutrition, career concern, interpersonal relationship, injury and external distractions (Tom, et al 2000; Tim Lew, 2001). Poor provision of food and disorder eating habit will lead to innutrition or obesity which will influence the athletes performance (Tim Lew, 2001). A female athlete says that diet is her worst puzzle, which will lead to stress (Tim Lew, 2001). A study shows that external distractions (23%) and career concern (19%) are the two major causes for stress (Pensgaard, 1998). Roberston Cooper(1983) believe that career stagnation, high expectation from other people and unrealistic goals, which are the main components of career concern, may give rise to stress if athletes fail to achieve the expectation and goals (Tom, et al 2000). At the same time, external influence also brings stress to athletes. The press, media, spectators and family make athletes distract from their work wh ich consequently influence their performance (Pensgaard, 1998). For example, David Beckham, who is a talented football player, fell out with his coach because the coach thought that David paid more attention on entertainment area than on training. Such action had impeded his development of football skill. At that time, David also had to face a big stress from his wife, who was his manager for planning the commercial activities. Poor interpersonal relationships in a team are another factor of stress. There are three important sets of relationships-relationships with sports managers, with coaches and with teammates. Low interpersonal support from sports managers, coaches and teammates will be linked with high anxiety, tension and low performance satisfaction which increase the risk of obtaining pressure (Tom, et al 2000). In addition, injury, which is the worst thing for athletes, often results in pressure. Most of the athletes who get hurt will worry about their career as they fear that they can not get opportunities to go to the competition or they will lag behind because of less training (Tim Lew, 2001). The third part of the cause is leadership issues which focus on the aspect of coach. Coachs differential treatment of athletes, overbearing coach, coach very demanding and coach-athlete tension are the reasons of athletes pressure (Tim Lew, 2001). Coachs attitude influences athletes deeply because he plays a vital role in a team and has the right to decide which athlete will be chosen for competition. Most of athletes fear that they will be ignored by their coach and some athletes feel stress as they can not bear the workload (Tim Lew, 2001). Moreover, coaching style is another cause of athletes stress. Some athletes can not adapt to different coaching styles which may deter their development. The poor performance of an athlete results in a rise of the pressure (Tim Lew, 2001). Team issues, as the last part of the cause, can not be ignored. It main includes: team atmosphere, communication and support (Tim Lew, 2001).Team atmosphere is a main issue which relates to the tension between the athletes. A new team member, injured athletes and separate groups within team may lead to the poor team atmospheres which engender a tense situation in the team. The supports from teammates, coaches and sports managers are the mental underpinning of athletes which make them get rid of the negative mood. Without support, athletes may feel helpless and even stress (Tim Lew, 2001). Persistent stress may result in long term consequences which may alter the way the athletes feel, thinks and behaves, and may also change their physiological function (Stansfeld et al, 1999; SanterMurphy, 1995; Cincirpini et al, 1984; Stainbrak Green, 1983, cited in Tom, et al 2000). Effects of athletes stress may work on individuals and teams respectively. For individuals, effects of stress may include: sleep disturbances, headaches, gastrointestinal upset, cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression, labile emotions, less of concentration, lack of motivation, substance misuse and poor performance (University of Cambridge, 2008). While for team, consequences of stress may mean low morale, increased athletes complaints, increased accidents, high absenteeism and poor performance which will influence the development of the team (University of Cambridge, 2008). Because of the high dangers of the athletes stress, how to tackle the problem has become the focus of sports managers. There are some solutions can be used to help sports managers cope with the stress of athletes. First of all, sports managers have to take responsibility for athletes diets and ensure athletes maintain good nutrition (Dean, 2007). Secondly, sports managers should prevent athletes from working overload. Therefore, they should give athletes manageable training schedule so that they will not feel too tired. Keep good relationship with athletes and manage the relationship between athletes are both important for sports managers. The supports from teammates, coaches and sports managers are the mental underpinning of athletes which can help them release from stress (Tim Lew, 2001). To athletes, stress is a persistent problem which often influences their performance and life. Although sports managers are trying to deal with the situation and some of them have been taken some solutions, athletes continue to be affected by stress problem (Pensgaard, 1998). The solution taken by sports managers, such as effective time management, health diet and keeping good relationship, are useful at the certain extent. However, some accidents which can not be predicted by sports managers would also result the stress. So, while deal with the existing stress is important, detecting the possible sources of stress for athletes may be is a more effective way to avoid the happening of pressure (Pensgaard, 1998). Bibliography Pensgaard AM, Ursin H. (1998). Stress, control, and coping in elite athletes in Scand J Med Sci Sports Journal Vol. 8 pp183-189 Tim, W. Lew. H. (2001). A case study of Organizational Stress in Elite Sportin APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY Journal Vol. 13 pp207-238 Tom. C et al. (2000) Research on Work-related Stress. Bilbao: European Agency for Safety and Health at work (see Epi) Life. Stress at work. Joan, M. Sebastian W. (2008) English for Academic Study: Speaking. England: Garnet Publishing Ltd Human Resources Division of Cambridge University. (2008) Effects of Work-Related Stress http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/hr/policy/stress/effects.html> [Accessed on 27/5/2008] Dean H. (2007) Stress and the Athlete http://coachdeanhebert.wordpress.com/2007/12/16/stress-and-the-athlete/> [Access on 16/12/2007]

Attending Melba Beals Event Essay -- Civil Rights Little Rock Nine

I attended an event commemorating a very heroic woman’s actions. Civil rights activist Melba Beals, author of Warriors Don’t Cry, was one of the Little Rock Nine who helped to integrate an all-white Arkansas public high school in 1957. However, this was not a very easy task. She attended school amidst constant harassment, violence, and threats. Her efforts helped shape the civil rights movement and earned her America’s top civilian honor, the Congressional Gold Medal. I found her to be very inspiring, witty, and brave. The event allowed us to hear her perspective on growing up at such a volatile time, and to learn about her unique and rich past. This event was held in the Illini Union, a building on the University of Illinois’ campus where students and faculty work, study, and relax. Very often events such as this one are held to add a diverse flavor and special treat to the already enriching university. This presentation was held in the ballroom on the second floor. This room is a beautifully decorated large hall where many various events take place from dances to speeches. The fact that the event was held in this room shows the importance of Melba and the seating needed to accommodate such a large-scale event. The event was extremely crowded, and many different nationalities and cultures were represented, which was quite surprising to me. I would have imagined only finding African-Americans and whites at an event like this, but to my surprise almost every culture was represented in the audience. Through careful observation I noticed that the composition of the audience was mainly female, college and middle aged. I did notice that there were many families that came together, which was very nice... .... It made me proud of them and for them. From attending this lecture I have a greater sense of appreciation for all the women of color who have made a difference, because now I know how many obstacles they had to overcome to achieve their goal. After seeing her speak I felt extremely enriched and honored to have had the chance to hear someone like her speak in front of me. I felt a sense of pride for her. It was an odd moment. I felt like I was directly connected to her as well as to everything that she was saying. I could feel her pain, sorrow, triumph, and happiness all at once. It is not everyday that someone attempts to de-segregate their high school at a time when African-American people had no right to do something like this whatsoever. I am very much looking forward to reading her book now. I am very interested in finding more out about her life.

Coastal Managment

A coastal environment (Small/Regional Scale) the processes affecting this coast, Its landforms and Its management Key Questions from the GEESE syllabus: Key Questions from the GEESE syllabus: Why do coastal processes need to be managed? How are coastlines managed? Why does coastal management create controversy? The Forth-Hymnals coastline Is an area currently undergoing a major change In the way It Is managed. Your task is to find out: 1. A description of the location of this stretch of coastline 2. What coastal features are found along this stretch of coastline 3.What management strategies are being developed 4. Why they are being developed 5. Collect a set of specific facts about the management strategies 6. Who will benefit from the new strategies 7. Who will be disadvantaged by the new strategies Your research must have all of this information, as the exam board may ask a case study question on any of the above aspects of this case study. You will be writing a timed Case Study an swer following this work, which will only use part of your research information: For a named area of coastline, describe the management strategies being used and explain how different groups of people will be affected.Your work will be assessed using the case study Mark scheme My Hymnals Coastal management Case Study 1) A description of the location of this stretch of coastline Site Location – The site location on the beach on the seaward side of lower forth village Hymnals is located In Wales 8 miles (1 3 km) north of Abernathy and It Is 1. 5 miles north of forth. The Hymnals coast line stretches over 2 miles and Is located In the county of Correction . Hymnals is situated right next to a number of small towns and is unconnected to the main road the AAA. ) What coastal features are found along this stretch of coastline To the north of this coast lies a large estuary with a embryonic split occurring towards the mouth of the estuary. A spit is formed from alongshore drift movi ng material along the beaches and the material is deposited and overtime the spit forms a right angle shape 4. Waves cannot get past a spit, which creates a extends about km from the southern side of the defy estuary. The main line of the spit is formed by gravels that are exposed at high water level along the southern part f the spit. 3) What management strategies are being developed?Work began early autumn 2010. The aim of Correction council is to protect the beaches from erosion and flooding and the surrounding communities. On cardigan bay there are around 1500 homes and about 7000 to protect from the natural elements of living near to and visiting the coast. Forth village has developed on a mobile shingle beach with many properties built on the beach, this means it is more vulnerable to flooding. Wooden Grosses Grosses protect against alongshore drift and backwash which means the beach will be fee from erosion and the beach material being washed downer by alongshore drift.In the ass's Correction county council built some wooden grosses and breastwork defenses however they have recently been deemed as coming to the end of their life and there then was a further need for protection of the km frontage. Rock Grosses Constructed near the Craig y Delay cliffs to the south of forth. Grosses do not add extra material to a beach, but merely retain some of the existing sediment on the updraft side of the grosses At the southern end Another strategy to protect against erosion from the waves the council built a series of onshore rock breakwater grosses. The grosses are mm long each Greene is followed by a breakwater.The rock grosses are made of rock obviously and commonly are basalt. â€Å"Two rock grosses and two rock breakwaters will be placed at intervals along the beach, and these will retain the shingle, in much the same way as the timber grosses do now. † – Correction council The present coastal defenses were designed in the sass, and the timber gr osses and breastworks directly fronting the village were constructed in stages urine the early sass's, with the grosses reducing the alongshore drift of sediment, and the breastwork providing a back stop to protect the shingle bank on which so much of Forth has been founded.The Multi-Purpose Reef The multi-purpose reef is located mm offshore which will be unobstructed and only to be seen when the shore is out. The idea is that the waves brake over the reef which will reduce the energy in the waves so they arrive at the beach with less force therefore reducing the amount of erosion and to encourage the development of a broader beach inshore. The reef has been created to protect the shingle beach from erosion however it has created a better surfing facility and so encouraging surfers to the area.Beach Nourishment â€Å"Sand and shingle will be placed on the beach to increase its width. This will provide Forth Village with more protection from incoming waves, as waves will be breaking further offshore and they will therefore have a wider beach over which their energy is released. † – Correction council Beach nourishment took place along all of the lower forth village frontage. The shingle was imported and placed along the village frontage to create a stable beach.Along the village frontage , the aim was to create and sustain a shingle beer with a minimum crest width of mm. Multipurpose reef – The reasons behind the construction of the multipurpose reef is to encourage the waves to brake on the reef and so losing their energy out offshore so when they reach the beach they have little energy therefore minimizing the chance of erosion by hydrophilic action.Another benefit of the reef is that it provides a very good surfing facility as it acts to focus and shape the waves to improve curability. The final aim of the reef was to encourage a wider beach inshore which is nether coast protection component. Beach Rock Grosses and Rock Breakwaters They placed to rock Grosses and two break waters in intervals along the beach which will stop long shore drift and protect the shingle beach the same as the timber ones but obviously much more durable.Beach Nourishment Sand and shingles will be bought by Correction council and deposited on the beach to extend its width. This therefore will increase the protection of Forth village from the incoming waves as they will be breaking further offshore and also have more beach for the waves to break their energy down on. 5. Collect a set of specific facts about the management strategies See within questions three and four 6.Who will benefit from the new strategies There are many people who will benefit for example The Locals It has become evident throughout my research that there is a main concern concerning this locals and the protection of their homes and businesses. All the protection elements of the scheme aim to protect against the erosion of the beaches which would eventually get further i nland and destroy their homes. Tourists The beach nourishment means that there is a wider beach therefore making it deter for tourists as there will be more room for more people and the beach will be more appealing to them.Also the construction of the multi purpose reef means there is a better surf facility for surfer visiting the forth coastline. Entrepreneurs of Forth and Hymnals Inevitably the Attraction of tourists to the beaches will benefit the local shop owners and restaurant owners and also holiday makers as there will be more people interested in visiting forth and hymnals because of the better coast conditions and so therefore more people to spend money in the local businesses

This essay is a biography of James Michael Curley (Mayor of Boston) from many sources. It tells about his background, in office life, and post office life.

This essay is a biography of James Michael Curley (Mayor of Boston) from many sources. It tells about his background, in office life, and post office life. James Michael CurleyThere has never been a mayor like James Michael Curley. He was one of the greatest political figures ever, and at the same time, was the one of the worst. He dramatically improved the City of Boston and the lives of the people in it. His accomplishments were as great as any mayor of any city in the country. At the same time, as a politician, he took money for his own personal use and twisted the truth to help him get what he wanted. To the lower class Irish voters of Boston he gave them jobs and the kind of life they had only dreamed about. James Michael Curley built much of the Boston we know today.James Michael Curley was born at home in Boston, Massachusetts on the cold, snowy day of November 20th, 1874, to Irish immigrant parents. His mother, Sarah moved to America from Connemara, Ireland in 1865 at the age of twelve.English:She worked as a domestic and cleaning woman her whole working life. His father, Michael Curley, also immigrated to America in 1865 when h e was just fourteen. He worked in as a laborer in construction.Boston in the late 1800's had two classes. The Yankees were in the upper class and the Irish were the lower class. There was a lot of discrimination and it was hard for the Irish to earn money to take care of their families. The Irish learned to depend on each other not trusting outsiders. Where possible they opened their own businesses, including Irish pubs and clubs. There were many nicknames for the Irish. One common one was paddy. The paddy wagon got named from the stereotype that the Irish were troublemakers and often taken to jail. Other nicknames were mick and mucker. Muckers...

buy custom Nursing Essay Example About Fraud in Electronic Health Records

buy custom Nursing Essay Example About Fraud in Electronic Health Records EHR and Nursing Practice Introduction The integration of technology into every dimension of health care has been crucial in promoting patient monitoring, assessment and eventually treatment. Most of the contemporary changes realized in nursing and the entire healthcare industry are due to technology. As a result, nursing informatics remains a key part of technology utilized by nurses in the course of healthcare provision. Furthermore, electronic healthcare records (EHR) has equally changed documentation of patient information as well as the overall provision of patient care. However, EHR fraud risks has emerged as a hot issue that threatens to render technology and informatics ineffective and inefficient in offering necessary patient care. In light of this, the paper involves the rationale for selecting the health IT topic of electronic health records, the arguments for its pros and cons, the informatics skills, conclusion and recommendations for the future. In essence, the integration of technology into every dimension of healthcare sector improves patient outcomes by ensuring efficiency is maintained.

Intergenerational Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intergenerational Interview - Essay Example At this state, the psychological crisis as characterized by Erickson is â€Å"integrity† versus â€Å"despair† (Shaffer & Kipp, 2009). Individuals in this stage are more associated with wisdom. For Erickson, integrity brought out two meanings. The first meaning involves consistency of values, actions, measures, methods, expectations, principles, and outcomes. It entails the ability of an individual to achieve his or her goals. The second meaning is an immanent quality of truthfulness and honesty as the major motivators of an individual’s actions. Despair is as a result of lack of hope (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2009). On reflecting on her life, Catherine feels like she has achieved enough in terms of taking care of her family. Integrity associated with this stage of life is evident in relation to Catherine when she looks at both her daughters, who are all independent, and feels successful. However, despair steps in when Catherine feels like she failed to do enough to keep her husband alive, even though there was nothing she could do, as she is very lonely. In addition, she feels like she did not make enough financial achievements and that she is going to run out of money, when in real sense she is not poor. One of the most significant developmental life events that Catherine went through was marriage. It is important to note that young adults have a need for establishing loving, intimate relationships with other individuals. The success of her marriage was highly important in her young and middle adulthood as she built a strong relationship with her husband and children. This is evident in her loneliness and her memories of her husband who died. Also, the distance of her daughters has increased her level of loneliness as they have established their families and live independently. However, the presence of her grandchildren has enabled her to establish new

Explain and comment on the proposition that the doctrine of the right Essay

Explain and comment on the proposition that the doctrine of the right of self-determination of peoples includes the legal entitl - Essay Example According to Franck (1990), symbolic validation and pedigree provide the cultural and anthropological dimension to legitimacy. Democratic entitlement has to shift to voluntary compliance, which depends on the strength of Reisman’s (1981) â€Å"the authority signal†. The legitimacy of a rule is based on its durability and consistency. Self-determination has a well-established pedigree, because it is the oldest aspect of the democratic entitlement. Self-determination asserts the right of a people in a particular territory â€Å"to determine its collective political destiny in a democratic fashion, and is therefore at the core of the democratic entitlement† (Franck 1992: 52). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the proposition that the doctrine of the right for self-determination of people includes the legal entitlement to democratic governance. Self determination among indigenous peoples will be examined on the basis of the United Nations Gene ral Assembly resolutions, and other relevant concepts will be investigated. The Need for Self-Determination in International Law Self determination has developed from its modest beginnings in the United Nations Charter to â€Å"a legal entitlement of decolonization and to a free-standing human right† (Higgins 1995: 115). ... ermination of Jews during the Holocaust, followed by mass killing of gypsies or Romas and other groups, mass deportation to clean out unpopular ethnic groups, the Potsdam Agreement in 1945 between Russia, the United States and the United Kingdom authorizing the expulsion of some fifteen million people of German ethnic origin who had been citizens in different parts of Europe, and other large-scale forced transfers during the same period of turmoil. A new international legal order based on pluralism and tolerance was developed. The International Bill of Human Rights emphasized the equality of all human beings â€Å"irrespective of national or ethnic origin – and also irrespective of race, religion and gender† (Tomuschat 1992: 152). States were responsible for securing human rights in their own domestic system; and their autonomy was understood as popular sovereignty. In article 21 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the authority of government would be based on the will of the people, which they will express through periodic, genuine and fair voting procedures. â€Å"Consequently, democratic governance was an essential component – both a precondition and a right in itself† (Tomuschat 1992: 152). The right of peoples to self-determination was introduced in the Covenants mainly with decolonization as an aim. At the same time, the underlying rationale for self-determination is that of popular sovereignty based on people governing themselves. The most important principle of international law is that of territorial integrity, the maintenance of the inherited State and of the population residing in that State. Changes can be introduced only when there are justified claims of self-determination; and the international community has to clarify for whom the principle