Essay on Uncle Toms Cabin - 1417 Words

Harriet Beecher Stowe was born June 14, 1811 in Litchfield, Connecticut. She was the daughter of a Calvinist minister and she and her family was all devout Christians, her father being a preacher and her siblings following. Her Christian attitude much reflected her attitude towards slavery. She was for abolishing it, because it was, to her, a very unchristian and cruel institution. Her novel, therefore, focused on the ghastly points of slavery, including the whippings, beatings, and forced sexual encounters brought upon slaves by their masters. She wrote the book to be a force against slavery, and was joining in with the feelings of many other women of her time, whom all became more outspoken and influential in reform movements, including†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, Eliza is taken to a Quaker settlement on the border of the slave states where she meets up with George, her husband, who is a highly intelligent slave. He escaped to the Quaker settlement by dressing as a whi te man, which he isnt very far away from because of his mulatto descendance. He then uses another slave to act as his slave and makes it to the settlement after hearing Eliza, his wife, is there. They are soon told that men are after them, so they flee, have a confrontation in which one of the Quaker men pushes a slave-catcher into a ravine. The catcher is then taken to a Quaker home to be tended to where he heals and decides to no longer be a slave-catcher. They then, dressing as two men and their daughter, as opposed to husband, wife, and son, ride a ferry to Canada. Tom, on the other hand, is enjoying himself at St. Clares, where he is having an easy life, until Eva becomes sick, and dies. St. Clare is deeply affected by this, and begins to think about his own mortality, and the rights and wrongs of slavery. After much reflection he decides to initiate the freeing of Tom, whose wife, back in Kentucky, is trying to earn enough money to buy him back by being a confectioner. Tom is overjoyed when hearing the news of his freedom, but St. Clare dies before he can finish the proceedings, and Tom was sold at an auction before the Shelbys can be reached,Show MoreRelated Uncle Toms Cabin Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pages Uncle Tom’s Cabin By: Harriet Beecher Stowe nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Throughout the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin the setting changes.It starts out in Kentucky.Tom is later sold to New Orleans and then to a plantation up the Red River.At each new place Tom goes his faith in God is put to the test,but Tom stays pious and refuses to turn away from God.In Kentucky Tom is owned by Andy Shelby,a kindly master,who has fallen in to debt and is forced to sell his slaves.Tom is sold to a slave traderRead More Uncle Toms Cabin Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesFew books can truly be said to have altered the course of history, and even fewer can be said to have started an entire war. Uncle Toms Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, was one such novel. It is a realistic, although fictional view of slavery, that burned into the consciousness of America the images of brutal beatings and unfair slave practices. Uncle Toms Cabin helped to turn the tide of public opinion against slavery in the 19th century. This controversial novel was initially writtenRead MoreUncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe666 Words   |  3 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin was valuable because it opened the eyes of American citizens to the harsh reality of slavery and proved its need for abolishment. Harriet Beecher Stowe proved the wrongness and cruelty of many southern slave owners by mentioning the splitting up of slave families in Uncle Tom’s Cabin. In the beginning of the book, Stowe developed the nasty and feelingless character of Mr. Haley, a slave trader. He decided to buy Harry from Mr. Shelby and wanted to separate the young child from hisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Uncle Tom s Cabin 1058 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause of litigious topics such as drug use, homosexuality, cultural insensitivity, sexual content, political viewpoint, religion, or other controversial topics. Uncle Tom’s Cabin gives the reader an insight into the lives of a group of fictitious slaves as they tend to their ‘masters’ and attempt to escape slavery. Uncl e Tom’s Cabin was written in a time of great tension and was banned because of the controversy of the topic of slavery, but despite its just disputable nature, abolitionists likeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Uncle Tom s Cabin 1345 Words   |  6 Pagesin their treatment of race, notably, Huckleberry Finn.† (Annette Gordon-Reed). I believe that Stowe’s novel was taken seriously as a woman’s novel. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was very influential in that time period, and still is today. The novel is commonly noted as a big influence that began the Civil War, and people still refer to it today. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is used very commonly today as a reference to slavery and the time period, and in many literature courses throughout high school and college. It isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Uncle Tom s Cabin 864 Words   |  4 Pagescruelty are shocking to our ear and heart† but there are many of them in the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe 272) . Uncle Tom, Augustine St. Clare, Evangeline St. Claire, and Eliza Harris are just a few of the main characters in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s amazing story about being taken captive and set free. The book has many settings; the main locations being Canada, New Orleans, and a plantation in Kentucky. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a book that has shaped the past and will continue to shape the future. TheRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin And Searching For Sugar Man1139 Words   |  5 Pagesselfless acts which has created incredibly touching stories and has added a different dynamic to a story without trying. I believe that in Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Searching for Sugar Man (Malik Bendjelloul, 2012) there were many acts of selflessness which allowed for both of these works to stand out from others. The story of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in itself was fascinating, but Tom and very few other characters showed selfless acts which made the story even more interesting. As for Searching for Sugar Man, SixtoRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin Review Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pages A Review on Uncle Tom’s Cabin Hannah Ballenger American Heritage 2313 Britney Handcock April 20, 2015 Uncle Tom’s Cabin Review Essay Throughout history there have been many books, fiction and non-fiction, documenting slavery in America, but Uncle Tom’s Cabin was arguably the most influential because of the mood of the nation when it was published. Many Americans were ready to abolish slavery, though few of them would vocalize their opinions, particularly women, who were expectedRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1357 Words   |  6 PagesUncle Tom’s cabin Uncle Tom s Cabin from the author Harriet Beecher Stowe, was first published in 1852 was a book that tackled the repulsive acts of slavery. In this paper I will discuss my overview and opinion on this book. It is clear if you have a general idea of this book you would know how to this novel ultimately inspired the civil war. As said by our 16th Abraham Lincoln when he met the author â€Å"so you’re the women who brought this Great War† Uncle Tom’s cabin has had a great influence onRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1008 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscrimination, people search for ways to make change. Harriet Beecher Stowe did so through a work of literature known to many as Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Uncle Tom’s Cabin focused on the horrors of slavery in the 1800’s. Stowe believed that slavery was a horrible sin against God and decided to write the book in hopes that it would change people’s views on the issue(Carlson). Uncle Tom s Cabin contributed to changing America through societal, legal, and educational factors. Harriet Beecher Stowe was born into

Porter Five Forces Model - 1242 Words

Porters 5 forces model is a powerful way of analysing the competitive forces that shapes every industry in general. This was developed by Michael E. Porter of Havard Business School in 1979. This tool helps you to identify whether a new product, investment, services or business have the potential to be profitable. The 5 competative forces that are taken into consideration are: Competition in the Industry Potential of new entrant into Industry Power of Suppliers Power of Customers Threat to substitute products Lets discuss each of these points in detail: Competition in the Industry: This describes the competition between the existing firms in an industry. Greater the competitive riverly (companies providing equally good†¦show more content†¦Huge inital expenditure and lower price leave very less profit margin. The bottom line is a competitors single innovation can change the whole senario of the industry. Lets take an example of a monopoly industry. Chocklate industry in India has just one big player Cadbury. Go to any Big Bazaar or a D-Mart outlet you will find 90% of chocklate by Cadbury. When you go to purchase chocklate what you look for ...Dairy Milk, Perk, Eclairs, Temptation, Celebration,Halls all are produced by Cadbury. As far as I remember I have seen Dairy Milks ad on TV when I was 5 years old and its still there in market and in all probability it will be there for next 20 years.The current market share of Cadbury stands at impressive 71% even the 2003 worm were not able to eat its market share. What we can conclude a monopoly and a great business!! Potential of new entrant into Industry: Its not only the existing players in an industry pose threat to each other, a new entrant can also affect the competition. The easier it is for a new firm to enter in a business, the more cut-throat competition there will be.The factors that can limit threat of new entrant are called as Barriers to Entry. Following are some some barriers to entry: Government Restrictions and legislations: Although governments job is to preserve free competitive market, it restricts competition through regualtions and restrictions. Oil sector in India is an example. Pre liberization era it was aShow MoreRelatedThe Porters Five Forces Model845 Words   |  4 PagesThe Porters Five Forces Model was devised by Professor Michael Porter. The aim of the model is too analyse the nature of competiton within an industry. This means that the porters five forces model can be a powerful tool (E. Dobbs, 2014). The first of the forces is competition in the motor industry. There is a high level of competition within the motor industry as the companies have a high level of competition between themselves especially when it comes to marketing and innovation this is seen onRead MorePorters five forces model4376 Words   |  18 PagesPorter’s five forces model Porter’s five forces model is an analysis tool that uses five forces to determine the profitability of an industry and shape a firm’s competitive strategy It is a framework that classifies and analyzes the most important forces affecting the intensity of competition in an industry and its profitability level. Understanding the tool Five forces model was created by M. Porter in 1979 to understand how five key competitive forces are affecting an industry. The five forcesRead MoreMcdonalds Porters Five Forces Model Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysing McDonalds (fast food outlets) using Porters 5 Forces model – sometimes called the Competitive Forces model. Introduction McDonalds Canada opened in 1967, thirteen years after McDonalds had taken the United States by storm. This was the first restaurant to be opened outside of the United States. It was in 1965 that McDonalds went public and offered shares on Wall Street. Since then it has been important for McDonalds to continually monitor its performance, to make sure it is competitiveRead MorePorters Five Forces Model Analysis On Toothpaste970 Words   |  4 PagesPorters Five Forces Model Analysis on Toothpaste Threats of New Entrants †¢ Define: the threat new competitors constitute on preexisting competitors in an industry †¢ By increasing successful and ideal operations and strengthening relationships with their customers, companies existing in this market diminish the significance of threat over newly accepted competitors. Toothpaste companies are still growing strongly, therefore additional firms are trying to enter the market to benefit from the increasingRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model Analysis Essay2575 Words   |  11 Pages PORTER S FIVE FORCE MODEL ANALYSIS Name: Institution: Course: Date: Porter s Five Forces Model Analysis Introduction Porter’s five forces model was developed by Michael Porter in 1980 as a technique for industry analysis. An industry consists of a group of firms which are involved in the production of commodities which are close substitutes for one another. Essentially the five forces model provides corporations with a means of analyzing their fellow competitors within the market (PorterRead MoreAnalysis Of Porter s Five Forces Model1757 Words   |  8 Pagesand profits. Why is this so? FIVE FORCES MODEL Until recently, Porter’s Five Forces Model was the dominant theory applied to factors driving competitive forces in an industry. It hypothesizes that the level of competitive intensity within an industry arises from five specific sources in determining attractiveness of an industry to potential entrants. Porter developed Five Forces Analysis in response to SWOT analysis, a model he found too vague. In this economic model, while rivalry between competingRead MoreCase Study : Porter s Five Forces Model1153 Words   |  5 PagesORGANIZATION-EBAY Abstract Porter sFiveForce Porter s Five Forces Model is a critical instrument to break down an outer aggressive environment of the business. The model incorporates threat of entry, the threat of rivalry, the threat of suppliers, the threat of purchasers and threat of substitutes. How the five forces analysis reveal about the nature and strength of the various competitive pressures eBay faces Threat of Entry This business is an Internet-driven administration industryRead MoreCase Study : Porter s Five Forces Model1132 Words   |  5 Pages Organization-Ebay Institution: Name: â€Æ' Abstract Porter sFiveForce Porter s Five Forces Model is a critical instrument to break down an outer aggressive environment of the business. The model incorporates threat of entry, threat of rivalry, threat of suppliers, threat of purchasers and threat of substitutes. How the five forces analysis reveal about the nature and strength of the various competitive pressures eBay faces Risk of Entry This business is an Internet driven organizationRead MoreComparison Of Porter s Five Forces And Bcg Matrix Model3653 Words   |  15 Pagesand contrast between Porter’s Five Forces and BCG Matrix Model Subject: Strategic Management SIM 336 Tutor: Yahaya Alhassan Student No. 139169359 Student: Sujon Ahamed Word Count. 3229 (including headings and diagrams, Excluding references). â€Æ' Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦03 1.2 An overview of Porter’s Five Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.03 1.3 The advantages of Porter’s Five Forces Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..04 1.4 Some disadvantagesRead MoreConduct Industry Analysis Of The Business Selected Using Porter s Five Forces Model Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesConduct industry analysis of the business selected using Porter’s five forces model Introduction to Porter’s five forces. Michael Porter s five forces model is in light of the comprehension that a corporate philosophy should meet the opportunities and dangers in the affiliation s external surroundings. Especially, forceful strategy should base on a cognizance of industry structures and the way they change. The Porter s Five Forces model is an outside looking in forte unit technique contraption that

Snow Removal in Broome County New York Free Essays

The removal of snow in the towns, cities, and villages of Broome County of New York is a social service that the county owes it inhabitants. It is such services that justify the taxes the people of Broome county pay. Towards achieving the aim of a cleaner, safer and healthier Broome county, several agencies have been set-up to oversee the snow removal services in the county. We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Removal in Broome County New York or any similar topic only for you Order Now This service is particularly the responsibility of the Broome county Environmental Management Council (EMC). The EMC was established in 1971 by the Broome County Legislature to preserve, protect, and enhance the local environment. The county’s highway division maintains and preserves the highway in the county and thus removes the snow that lies on the highway in the Broome County. The aim of the highway division is aptly captured in its webpage as thus:† The Highway Division is responsible for the administration, operation and maintenance of highway bridge and capital projects; this includes road widening and straightening, resurfacing and patching of existing county roads to ensure that maintenance is at required engineering standards and safety levels. Emphasis is also placed on snow and ice control. The department also assists other local municipalities with specialized equipment and expertise. † Broome County Parks and Recreation is in charge of maintaining and preserving the recreational facilities in the county for the good of the inhabitants of the county. This means it also removes snow from these parks. Division of public waste seeks to manage all the public waste in the county. Snow is handled as one of the solid wastes handled by this division. These solid waste are either disposed or recycled. Department of Public Works is the chief overseer of the divisions mentioned above. However we need to, from this research establish who has the responsibility of removing snow and how best the snow should be removed and will tis method be cost effective. We will with this research seek to ensure that the method adopted will be the most effective, efficient and cost effective. We want to by this research find the most effective way of snow removal: the best way to remove snow without creating hazard or environmental issues. How snow removal will be more efficient so that the snow will be removed promptly. Cost effective so that it will save the county some money so that other pressing needs of the county will be met without straining the resources of the county. The challenge here is to make the snow removal more effective, efficient and cost tolerant. Design questions for this research are as follows: 1. Who are/is currently responsible for snow removal in Broome County? 2. What method do/does the party/parties responsible for the snow removal employ? 3. Is the method employed effective? 4. Is the currently used method efficient? 5. How much does it cost to remove snow in Broome County under the current arrangement? 6. From the cost in answer 5, is this method cost effective? 7. Under the current arrangement, what is the average time it takes to remove snow in the Broome county? 8. Can the responsibility for snow removal in Broome County be shared? 9. If answer to 8 above is yes, who are those that can share this responsibility? 10. Does their sharing in this responsibility bring about better efficiency or reduce the cost of snow removal? 11. Is there a more effective way of removing snow? 12. Does this more effective way of snow removal affect the cost of snow removal? 13. If answer to 12 above is yes, by how much? 14. Are the in habitants of Broome County satisfied with the current snow removal arrangement in place? 15. If no, what improvements will you like to see? References 1. Broome County Website; http://www. gobroomecounty. com/; Sourced 18:26 GMT +1 How to cite Snow Removal in Broome County New York, Papers

Hofstede Theory An Asian Country Singapore â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Hofstede Theory An Asian Country Singapore? Answer: Introducation The cultural differences are depicted in Coca-Cola ad is very evident respect to different country. The Coca-Cola ad projected culture through its ad such as, when it comes to Chinese New Year the brand embraces it and projected a family gathering of a Chinese family. Accounting to Hofstede theory an Asian country like Singapore, who maintains a strong cultural link with the past and during festivals the people arrange a get together even if they are facing any challenge. This factor is clearly depicted in the advertisement. The Coca-Cola advertisement in Singapore regarding the construction workers is to minimize the Power of Distance or inequality regarding working class (Geert-hofstede.com 2017). The advertisement tried to impart a message that happiness is for everyone and everyone in the society is interdependent. In Singapore the Power of Distance is higher than other two countries hence, it is evident that class division is prevailing in the society. In terms of uncertainty av oidance Singapore much safer than other two countries as the society is very much family bound so if a threat comes the members of the family will stand against that challenge which is clearly depicted in the advertisement related to Chinese New Year. The Coca-Cola advertisement regarding health issues is based on the factor Indulgence. The pledge of reducing sugar intake to prohibit diabetes is controlling the desire to have sugar in the beverage. On the contrary, In America individualism is stressed through patriotic ad made by Coca-Cola saying I`m proud to be an American`. The Masculinity projected in Coca-Cola advertisements as the American culture is very much fond of super heroes. On the other side, in United Kingdom Indulgence factor is highlighted (Geert-hofstede.com 2017). Projecting London Eye a popular destination in London where people spend pleasure time, projecting Coca-Cola as Marketing drink also highlights the Indulgence (Geert-hofstede.com, 2017). In England, the C oca-cola advertisement focuses on delivering meaningful messages to every consumer as the culture nurtures the fact of individualism. References Management-hofstede.com. (2017).United States - Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. Geert-hofstede.com. (2017).Singapore - Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/singapore.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Geert-hofstede.com. (2017).United Kingdom - Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/united-kingdom.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 201

Pricing Decisions Problems

Describe a skimming price and a penetration price Skimming and penetration pricing are two strategies for the creation of better profits. These strategies are employed by the businesses releasing new products and requiring promotion of the appearing goods. Penetration pricing is based on the offering of lower prices for the new products in order to attract buyers and create customer base.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Pricing Decisions Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main disadvantage of penetration price is that its gradual growth over time might lead to the loss of customers. Skimming pricing is a strategy consisting of three phases. Each phase has different product price, the first price is the highest and then it gradually goes down. This strategy is suitable for well known brands and relies on the chase after fashionable products. If the brand is not developed enough, this strategy will fail.  Alba and Gavigan are a celebrity couple, so their product would be the focus of customers’ attention right away, although skimming price may not work because the product is not a fashion attribute, it is about the health and welfare of babies, so the customers would be focused on choosing brands they trust over the ones that are fashionable. Offering a penetration price and then gradually raising it may distract some customers, yet since the product really is of good quality, this threat can be avoided if The Honest Company manages to win many loyal clients. This way, the couple is recommended to go with the penetration price; this will create reputation and help win the trust of customers. It is important to remember that the price should not be very low, but accessible; otherwise, the customers may start to doubt the quality of products.  Since Alba and Gavigan are oriented at the creation of honest business and maintaining long term profits, penetration price is the way to go. The celebrity status of the business owners will serve as a very good promotion tool for The Honest Company. This way, the company should expect high sales right away, and after the customers start to appreciate the products, loyalty developing strategies can be applied to keep and even maximize the size of The Honest Company’s customer base. Besides, this strategy fits into the company image anticipated by Alba and Gavigan. Their business provides good quality all-natural products for babies for a fair price. This strategy will secure their business from losing clients in the long term.  Finally, to keep increasing their profits over time, the business owners may start to increase the price for their goods gradually. Baby food and hygiene market is the field where the customers care about the quality of the products the most.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why once a company earns a reputation of a fair and reliable business their customer base size will become steady or even win more buyers ready to pay higher price for better quality products. What price would you bid if you must win the project? As the owner of a small building company willing to bid on a government contract for the building of a pedestrian walkway in a national park during the coming winter and having to compete with three other bidders I have made some calculations. First of all, I tried to estimate the approximate lowest bidding barrier for each of the bidders based on my competitor intelligence; this way, the first bidder has the lowest bidding price of $397980, as their incremental costs exceed those of my company by 10%, the second bidder’s lowest bidding price would be $435200, and the third bidder’s barrier is $484000, the lowest bidding price of my company is $428800, yet since my capacity utilization is moderate, the co mpany would not assign the lowest price possible and neither would my first and second competitors. The first bidder has the highest capacity utilization rate, so they are likely to bid the highest amount possible, which is for them approximately $442200 (incremental cost plus 50%), this way to win the project my company has to bid higher than $428800 and lower than $442200. The difference between the bid of my company and the first bidder has to be significant because the first decision maker is the buyer’s relative, so my final bidding price would estimate $435000. Since it is a government contract that assumes no extra costs, the buyer is likely to have very low risk tolerance and $7200 difference would be enough to break the family ties. To maximize my expected value from the contribution to this project I would assign a higher price of $455600 (incremental costs plus 70%) because my capacity utilization is moderate. With this price I would still have a good chance to win the project because the first bidder is a small and inefficient plant and they do not like winter contracts. The bidder number three is rather expensive, besides, the decision maker there is looking for a promotion and plain government contract is hardly a way towards that for a creative competitor from a large and efficient plant. Finally, the second bidder seems to have the same prices as my company, yet they do not appreciate messy and inconvenient jobs and their decision maker is looking for a new job, which serves as a strong de-motivating factor concerning the success of winning this project.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Pricing Decisions Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This coursework on Pricing Decisions Problems was written and submitted by user Grace Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Essays

Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Essays Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Paper Platos defence of philosophy understood as critical thinking, as it is represented in Socrates trial in the Apology Paper Essay Topic: Critical Thinking This essay will firstly, ascertain and examine what exactly critical thinking is. Secondly, it will provide a brief outline of Platos Apology, and then it will outline and assess how Platos defence is represented and understood as critical thinking. Finally, there will be a conclusion of what exactly being a critical thinker entails and a short paragraph explaining how the module has improved and expanded my own capacity for critical thinking. Young (1996, p. ) states that critical thinking is the capacity people have to question beliefs and presuppositions (their own and those of others) with a view to giving reasons for them or for amending them. Put more simply, critical thinking is the procedure for understanding and evaluating the evidence which supports a certain claim or view. Critical rationality which is the capacity to criticise, that is, to assess goals, rules and presuppositions themselves and where appropriate change them is a distinctively unique human trait, which gives human beings the power to engage critical thinking (Rationality Handout). It also involves rational decision making in whether to believe or discount a point, and it also involves accepting or rejecting certain evidence. It is not simply an exchange of opinions, but a critical and vigorous attempt to find ones way through discussion and argumentation. The Apology is Platos version of the speech given by Socrates as he defends himself against the charges of being a man who corrupted the young, refused to worship the gods, and created new deities (Schofield, 1998, p. 1). Young (1996, p. ) states that Plato sees philosophy itself as namely a style of thinking which is distinctively different from, for instance, science or religion or indeed anything else. So, philosophy for Plato is not a distinctive set of conclusions or of finished truths, but a distinctive style of thinking. For Plato, Socrates embodies this distinctive way of thinking and living that is philosophy, which Young (1996, p. 2) adds is not just another way of theorizing about life but also a new attitude toward life, even a new way of living life. Socrates begins by stating that the accusations against him began because people confused him with intellectuals who claim to have expert knowledge either in the natural sciences (cosmogonists), or in the social sciences or humanities (sophists). Socrates says There is a wise man called Socrates who has theories about the heavens above and has investigated everything below the earth, and can make the weaker argument defeat, the stronger (Young, 1996, p. 2). Socrates is, in the Apology, the very embodiment of philosophy or critical thinking, so by stating the differences he is stating that philosophy does not provide expert knowledge, but instead gives a different kind of human or limited knowledge. Socrates says of himself that it seems he really possesses this. And he hints that, limited though it be, the knowledge or wisdom that can be secured via philosophy is of decisive importance for human beings (Young, 1996, p. 3). The vital knowledge Socrates talks about is the abilities and vital skills philosophy learns people of questioning everything, being inquisitive in life and not accepting things for how they are. Socrates then goes on to tell a tall story about himself, which, as with all of the Apology, it isnt just the words spoken but the action and setting plus words left unspoken, which determine the texts meaning. Socrates tells the story of his friend Chaerephon who went to Delphi and through the oracle there asks the god if anyone was wiser than Socrates. The god said that there was no one. Socrates claims to have been astonished and then states that it was reverence toward the gods which led him by his questioning activity to challenge the leaders of the State (Young, 1996, p. 3): I knew I was making myself disliked, but felt compelled to put my duty to the god before all else And by the dog, Athenians! as I pursued my questioning at the gods command, it seemed to me that those with the greatest reputations for being wise were amongst the stupidest of all; others supposed to be their inferiors were wiser, and better people too. (Young, 1996, p. 3)) An important part of critical thinking is then, according to Socrates, having the ability and open mind to listen to and question everyones views. Socrates differentiates between the all-seeing knowledge of the gods and normal knowledge which humans can gain, and states that the wisest people are those who know that they can never have this definitive and ultimate knowledge. Young (1996, p. ) adds Socrates wisdom or knowledge consists in part in the fact that he (unlike his powerful interlocutors) knows the limits of his own knowledge (or the extent of his own ignorance), whereas they do not: a person who is ignorant of x but knows herself to be ignorant of it, is to that extent wiser than someone who does not know it either but mistakenly thinks she does. Socrates gets his accusers to admit that they are ignorant and proud; to use Platos language, they are lovers of status, power and wealth, as opposed to lovers of knowledge and truth (Young, 1996, p. ) and states they will only ever become wise and less ignorant if they change their will and desire. Translating Socrates words, Young (1996, p. 4) comments Philosophical knowledge or wisdom, then, depends upon on the will at least as much as the intellect; upon desire and upon the direction of desire at least as much as abstract intellectual ratiocination; upon practice at least as, much as theorizing. Critical thinking then is an intellectual effort aiming at acquiring human self-knowledge or self- understanding. (Young, 1996, p. 4). In order to strive to achieve this, a person must have courage, be prepared to question and challenge oneself, and to continue on even though it may be upsetting some people, just as Socrates upset those in power through his philosophy of questioning and debating. Critical thinking is a way of living which one embodies in their attitudes and practices, it is also about taking others views and beliefs into consideration, and then challenging the very presuppositions that these beliefs rest on. To be a critical thinker is to be tolerant, not take things at face value and to realise that as humans our knowledge will always be limited. This should spur one on to be open-minded and to question ones thoughts and views. However, Socrates recognises that some people may be unwilling to do this out of fear of losing their credibility and reputation. One should not automatically assume what a person says is true just because they are in power, in the same way Socrates tells the youth to think for themselves and not believe everything politicians say. Young (1996, p. ) sees philosophy as a second-order study; first-order studies being those, such as sciences that deal with facts, where as second-order study focuses on the concepts using which first-order studies study the real world and its facts with a view to clarifying the structure and role of these concepts; or again instead of engaging in first-order evaluation of the world we focus on the evaluations and judgements whereby first-order evaluating is done; and so forth. Socrates was willing to die for philosophy and the distinctive way of thinking and living it entails; the statement he made he unquestioned life is not worth living (Platos Apology, p. 12) sums up his life and beliefs perfectly. He believes that critical thinking is good for both individuals and society, and that the freedom to think in this way should be defended. In asking what the good life was and how we could attain it, Socrates made critical thinking the patrimony of potentially every person who was willing to follow his leadership. His simple call to critically examine oneself and the world would both empower and challenge his followers throughout the ages. To be fully human after the example set by the life of Socrates would require any serious person to engage in the examined life (Polelle, 2008, p. 91). Socrates was the very embodiment of what it is to be a critical thinker, and he saw it as being such a crucial part of being a human being that he was willing to die for it. The very idea of critical thinking needs defending because there will always be people who are annoyed by it and who will try to take away others freedom to practice it, just as happened to Socrates in the Apology. I must admit that I have never had time for either religion or god. When I was younger I could not understand why people spent so much time out of their lives worshipping something that has never even been proved exists. It seemed very unusual to me that people would pray to a god when things got bad because how do they even know someones listening? It seemed obvious to me at the time that surely there is no higher being because if there really was, would this almighty god allow all of the suffering that goes on in the world to continue? Can there really be a god that created our earth? After studying the critical thinking module I no longer think this way. Im open to everything, even something that cant be proved, like god. I still question the ideas on which ideas and beliefs are based, but I am now more open to all ideas, no matter how strange they seem to me at the time. Instead of just ignoring the Jehovahs Witnesses at the door, I now say hi, collect some brochures from them and have a chat, although I cant see myself ever becoming a follower of Jehovah. I am open to ideas, such as god creating the world, however I do feel this is very unlikely. I have thought there must be something out there listening to gods worshippers, and surely he must exist otherwise he would not have so many followers. But then again, perhaps the bible is a hoax. I feel more inclined to believe that a big bang created the earth, mainly because there seems proof to support the fact. To be a critical thinker means to consider and debate all ideas and beliefs and I feel I am developing my ability to think critically. However, this does not mean I have to agree with everything or everyones points of view.

The Downsizing of Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Downsizing of Unions - Research Paper Example    This paper illustrates that management theorists contend that downsizing is an act, which reduces the size of the  firm with respect to job opportunities or possession with a goal of performance improvement. Critics supporting the process of downsizing argue that it is a means of improving organization competitiveness and effectiveness. The ever-changing economic situations have necessitated various organizations reorganize the models of operation in order to fit in the new environment. Many critics contend that downsizing and other structural reforms are options taken to avert the challenges of the ever-changing economic situation. The process of downsizing differs from other structural changes that organizations take because of the following reasons; first, the decision is deliberate and second, it intends to improve cost-effectiveness. However, critics have argued that layoffs may result into disposal of human resource who posses crucial skills thereby leading to disruption of o rganization memory. This means that the survivors of the downsizing will also suffer along-side the employees who have lost their job opportunities. Research on organization reforms has demonstrated that consequences of the organization restructuring may increase the uncertainty of the employees. It is probable that the above case can apply in union downsizing. During union downsizing job insecurity appears to be a stressor that would not only haunt employees who constitute the union but also the effectiveness of the union. The fear projected whenever unions think of downsizing is the continuity in the unstable situations. Research indicate that downsizing often generate a negative influence on employees who are members of the union. These influences are evident through the morale of employees to address their grievances or champion for change within their organizations. The insecurity of jobs is another concern that often features whenever the concept of downsizing of unions featur es. Job insecurity has consequences that transcend various facets of life i.e. from work association to individual’s health. Thus, the challenge that the concept of downsizing creates to the union might pose similar challenges as observed in organization downsizing. Although some critics argue that market trends may influence the operation of an organization into adopting downsizing as a structural reform, trade unions mandate differs from organizations, which offer job opportunities to employees. Downsizing in organizations lead to accelerated workloads. It reduces the number of employees while retaining the same functions discharged by the dislodged employees. This exposes the employees to strenuous activities, which might reduce their morale. Arguing on this assumption union downsizing would create a situation where union members fail to cast there faith on union ability to advocate for the workers. However, some critics oppose this view by arguing that union could be larg e but might fail to deliver its services to the employees. In such cases, downsizing of the union would be an option that aims at strengthening its mandate.

Risk Factor Handout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Factor Handout - Essay Example Main family risk factors for gang membership include the family structure (e.g., broken home), family poverty, child abuse or neglect, gang membership of family members (Howell, 2003 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004), sibling antisocial behavior, and parental attitudes favoring violence (Hill et al., 2001). Poor family management, including poor parental supervision (monitoring) and control of children, is also a risk factor of gang membership (Hill et al., 1999 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Le Blanc and Lanctot, 1998 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Thornberry, 1998 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Thornberry et al., 2003 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004). One of the most influential school-related risk factors for gang membership is low achievement in school, especially at the elementary level (Hill et al., 1999 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Le Blanc and Lanctot, 1998 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004; Thornberry et al., 2003 as cited in Wyrick and Howell, 2004).

The Verdict screen-play Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Verdict screen-play - Research Paper Example It is in the first meeting with Galvin and the Bishop (who by way of his position as the head of the archdiocese, heads the hospital that mis-treated Kaye; the hospital is run by the archdiocese) that the audience clearly realizes that the major theme of the story is going to be what to choose- the so called greater good or the ethically, morally and politically right position. It is through the transformation of Galvin that this philosophical conflict unfolds. Galvin goes in to meet the Bishop with an inclination to get some compensatory amount for his client and through that acquire himself a decent commission on that. But even at that moment, it can be seen that the question that Dr. Gruber (the doctor who wanted to testify in favor of Kaye) had asked him was haunting him. After telling Galvin that he wanted to testify because he wanted â€Å"to do right†, Gruber had asked him, â€Å"Isn’t that why you’re doing it?†. This simple question was actually a leading question into the contradiction involved in making certain moral choices out of selfish motives or out of convenience. When the Bishop starts speaking to Galvin in their meeting next day, Galvin suddenly finds himself before the reality of the situation. The Bishop is seeking to settle the matter outside the court by giving compensation to Kaye, which he justifies in the greater good of preserving the reputation of his hospital. Two questions that Galvin asks are the keys to challenging the very notion of such a greater good as is presented by the Bishop. The first question is, â€Å"How did you settle on the amount?†, which actually is a pointer to the truth that nobody has the moral right to put a price on the life of a human being. The second question, though directly asked in the text, can be framed from the logic of the total situation as, ‘is it morally right to suppress truth?’, the truth being that a woman was killed by a mistake made by two docto rs. There are several aspects of the story that has to be considered when the contradiction between the ‘greater good’ proposed by the Bishop and the pure moral truth or ‘good’ that is upheld by Galvin is examined. These aspects can be, 1) it is a Christian religious head who is proposing such a solution. But Christianity is a religion that claims to be morally upright and humane; 2) It is a Bishop who is expected to stand up for all such values, who is making this proposition; 3) what is being fashioned by the Bishop as greater good will actually subvert an existing legal system,

Work-related stress amongst employees

Work-related stress amongst employees In the main, business managers are failing to deal with the problem of work-related stress amongst employees. Work-related stress is a common problem of modern lifestyle which has spread all over the world and touched almost all vocations (Life, nd, p.1). Job stress is a chronic disease caused by condition in the workplace that negatively affects an individuals performance and/or overall well-being of his body and mind (Life, nd, p.1). Sources of work-related stress include high demand of performance, family pressure, poor interpersonal relationships and career concerns. The consequence of the stress will lead to less self-confidence, worse performance and even suicide. As the stress which detrimental to peoples health has become more and more severely, how to cope with the situation is attracting increasing peoples attention. This essay focuses on problems of athletes stress and submits some solutions to the problems for sports managers. The natures of the stress can be split into two parts: physical symptoms and behavioral symptoms (speaking book, 2008). The physical symptoms include: tiredness, nausea, headaches, muscle tension, nervous twitches and altered sleep patterns. Aggression, anxiety, poor decision-making, inability to prioritize, mood changes, difficulty in concentrating, feelings of failure and isolation are belonging to behavioral symptoms (speaking book, 2008, p.95). All of these symptoms can reflect the athletes work-related stress. The causes of the athletes job stress are intricate and complex. They can be mostly divided into 4 parts-environmental issues, personal issues, leadership issues and team issues respectively. Firstly, environmental issues, which include selection, finance, and training environment, is a factor that contributes to the stress (Tim Lew, 2001). Selection is consisted of late selection, a lengthy selection process and unfair selection system. Some athletes illustrate that they feel nervous and tense if they do not know whether they will be chosen for competition. They fear that they will not have enough time to prepare the competition which lead to the stress. And some unfair selection also causes the stress of athletes as they can not obtain the chance of equal competition (Tim Lew, 2001). Finances play an important role in stress. It includes not having enough funding money and differential financial support. Athletes spend most of time on training so that they do not have extra time for earning money. Therefore, they have to obtain the funding from sport organization, sponsorship or family. If the financial support is not enough or is poorly managed, athletes will feel depressive and anxiety (Tim Lew, 2001). Training environment may be being able to lead to the athletes stress if athletes exist in the two opposite environments at the same time. The incompatible environment will make athletes feel uncomfortable. The second part which is the most important one is personal issues. Personal issues contain nutrition, career concern, interpersonal relationship, injury and external distractions (Tom, et al 2000; Tim Lew, 2001). Poor provision of food and disorder eating habit will lead to innutrition or obesity which will influence the athletes performance (Tim Lew, 2001). A female athlete says that diet is her worst puzzle, which will lead to stress (Tim Lew, 2001). A study shows that external distractions (23%) and career concern (19%) are the two major causes for stress (Pensgaard, 1998). Roberston Cooper(1983) believe that career stagnation, high expectation from other people and unrealistic goals, which are the main components of career concern, may give rise to stress if athletes fail to achieve the expectation and goals (Tom, et al 2000). At the same time, external influence also brings stress to athletes. The press, media, spectators and family make athletes distract from their work wh ich consequently influence their performance (Pensgaard, 1998). For example, David Beckham, who is a talented football player, fell out with his coach because the coach thought that David paid more attention on entertainment area than on training. Such action had impeded his development of football skill. At that time, David also had to face a big stress from his wife, who was his manager for planning the commercial activities. Poor interpersonal relationships in a team are another factor of stress. There are three important sets of relationships-relationships with sports managers, with coaches and with teammates. Low interpersonal support from sports managers, coaches and teammates will be linked with high anxiety, tension and low performance satisfaction which increase the risk of obtaining pressure (Tom, et al 2000). In addition, injury, which is the worst thing for athletes, often results in pressure. Most of the athletes who get hurt will worry about their career as they fear that they can not get opportunities to go to the competition or they will lag behind because of less training (Tim Lew, 2001). The third part of the cause is leadership issues which focus on the aspect of coach. Coachs differential treatment of athletes, overbearing coach, coach very demanding and coach-athlete tension are the reasons of athletes pressure (Tim Lew, 2001). Coachs attitude influences athletes deeply because he plays a vital role in a team and has the right to decide which athlete will be chosen for competition. Most of athletes fear that they will be ignored by their coach and some athletes feel stress as they can not bear the workload (Tim Lew, 2001). Moreover, coaching style is another cause of athletes stress. Some athletes can not adapt to different coaching styles which may deter their development. The poor performance of an athlete results in a rise of the pressure (Tim Lew, 2001). Team issues, as the last part of the cause, can not be ignored. It main includes: team atmosphere, communication and support (Tim Lew, 2001).Team atmosphere is a main issue which relates to the tension between the athletes. A new team member, injured athletes and separate groups within team may lead to the poor team atmospheres which engender a tense situation in the team. The supports from teammates, coaches and sports managers are the mental underpinning of athletes which make them get rid of the negative mood. Without support, athletes may feel helpless and even stress (Tim Lew, 2001). Persistent stress may result in long term consequences which may alter the way the athletes feel, thinks and behaves, and may also change their physiological function (Stansfeld et al, 1999; SanterMurphy, 1995; Cincirpini et al, 1984; Stainbrak Green, 1983, cited in Tom, et al 2000). Effects of athletes stress may work on individuals and teams respectively. For individuals, effects of stress may include: sleep disturbances, headaches, gastrointestinal upset, cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression, labile emotions, less of concentration, lack of motivation, substance misuse and poor performance (University of Cambridge, 2008). While for team, consequences of stress may mean low morale, increased athletes complaints, increased accidents, high absenteeism and poor performance which will influence the development of the team (University of Cambridge, 2008). Because of the high dangers of the athletes stress, how to tackle the problem has become the focus of sports managers. There are some solutions can be used to help sports managers cope with the stress of athletes. First of all, sports managers have to take responsibility for athletes diets and ensure athletes maintain good nutrition (Dean, 2007). Secondly, sports managers should prevent athletes from working overload. Therefore, they should give athletes manageable training schedule so that they will not feel too tired. Keep good relationship with athletes and manage the relationship between athletes are both important for sports managers. The supports from teammates, coaches and sports managers are the mental underpinning of athletes which can help them release from stress (Tim Lew, 2001). To athletes, stress is a persistent problem which often influences their performance and life. Although sports managers are trying to deal with the situation and some of them have been taken some solutions, athletes continue to be affected by stress problem (Pensgaard, 1998). The solution taken by sports managers, such as effective time management, health diet and keeping good relationship, are useful at the certain extent. However, some accidents which can not be predicted by sports managers would also result the stress. So, while deal with the existing stress is important, detecting the possible sources of stress for athletes may be is a more effective way to avoid the happening of pressure (Pensgaard, 1998). Bibliography Pensgaard AM, Ursin H. (1998). Stress, control, and coping in elite athletes in Scand J Med Sci Sports Journal Vol. 8 pp183-189 Tim, W. Lew. H. (2001). A case study of Organizational Stress in Elite Sportin APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY Journal Vol. 13 pp207-238 Tom. C et al. (2000) Research on Work-related Stress. Bilbao: European Agency for Safety and Health at work (see Epi) Life. Stress at work. Joan, M. Sebastian W. (2008) English for Academic Study: Speaking. England: Garnet Publishing Ltd Human Resources Division of Cambridge University. (2008) Effects of Work-Related Stress http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/hr/policy/stress/effects.html> [Accessed on 27/5/2008] Dean H. (2007) Stress and the Athlete http://coachdeanhebert.wordpress.com/2007/12/16/stress-and-the-athlete/> [Access on 16/12/2007]

Attending Melba Beals Event Essay -- Civil Rights Little Rock Nine

I attended an event commemorating a very heroic woman’s actions. Civil rights activist Melba Beals, author of Warriors Don’t Cry, was one of the Little Rock Nine who helped to integrate an all-white Arkansas public high school in 1957. However, this was not a very easy task. She attended school amidst constant harassment, violence, and threats. Her efforts helped shape the civil rights movement and earned her America’s top civilian honor, the Congressional Gold Medal. I found her to be very inspiring, witty, and brave. The event allowed us to hear her perspective on growing up at such a volatile time, and to learn about her unique and rich past. This event was held in the Illini Union, a building on the University of Illinois’ campus where students and faculty work, study, and relax. Very often events such as this one are held to add a diverse flavor and special treat to the already enriching university. This presentation was held in the ballroom on the second floor. This room is a beautifully decorated large hall where many various events take place from dances to speeches. The fact that the event was held in this room shows the importance of Melba and the seating needed to accommodate such a large-scale event. The event was extremely crowded, and many different nationalities and cultures were represented, which was quite surprising to me. I would have imagined only finding African-Americans and whites at an event like this, but to my surprise almost every culture was represented in the audience. Through careful observation I noticed that the composition of the audience was mainly female, college and middle aged. I did notice that there were many families that came together, which was very nice... .... It made me proud of them and for them. From attending this lecture I have a greater sense of appreciation for all the women of color who have made a difference, because now I know how many obstacles they had to overcome to achieve their goal. After seeing her speak I felt extremely enriched and honored to have had the chance to hear someone like her speak in front of me. I felt a sense of pride for her. It was an odd moment. I felt like I was directly connected to her as well as to everything that she was saying. I could feel her pain, sorrow, triumph, and happiness all at once. It is not everyday that someone attempts to de-segregate their high school at a time when African-American people had no right to do something like this whatsoever. I am very much looking forward to reading her book now. I am very interested in finding more out about her life.

Coastal Managment

A coastal environment (Small/Regional Scale) the processes affecting this coast, Its landforms and Its management Key Questions from the GEESE syllabus: Key Questions from the GEESE syllabus: Why do coastal processes need to be managed? How are coastlines managed? Why does coastal management create controversy? The Forth-Hymnals coastline Is an area currently undergoing a major change In the way It Is managed. Your task is to find out: 1. A description of the location of this stretch of coastline 2. What coastal features are found along this stretch of coastline 3.What management strategies are being developed 4. Why they are being developed 5. Collect a set of specific facts about the management strategies 6. Who will benefit from the new strategies 7. Who will be disadvantaged by the new strategies Your research must have all of this information, as the exam board may ask a case study question on any of the above aspects of this case study. You will be writing a timed Case Study an swer following this work, which will only use part of your research information: For a named area of coastline, describe the management strategies being used and explain how different groups of people will be affected.Your work will be assessed using the case study Mark scheme My Hymnals Coastal management Case Study 1) A description of the location of this stretch of coastline Site Location – The site location on the beach on the seaward side of lower forth village Hymnals is located In Wales 8 miles (1 3 km) north of Abernathy and It Is 1. 5 miles north of forth. The Hymnals coast line stretches over 2 miles and Is located In the county of Correction . Hymnals is situated right next to a number of small towns and is unconnected to the main road the AAA. ) What coastal features are found along this stretch of coastline To the north of this coast lies a large estuary with a embryonic split occurring towards the mouth of the estuary. A spit is formed from alongshore drift movi ng material along the beaches and the material is deposited and overtime the spit forms a right angle shape 4. Waves cannot get past a spit, which creates a extends about km from the southern side of the defy estuary. The main line of the spit is formed by gravels that are exposed at high water level along the southern part f the spit. 3) What management strategies are being developed?Work began early autumn 2010. The aim of Correction council is to protect the beaches from erosion and flooding and the surrounding communities. On cardigan bay there are around 1500 homes and about 7000 to protect from the natural elements of living near to and visiting the coast. Forth village has developed on a mobile shingle beach with many properties built on the beach, this means it is more vulnerable to flooding. Wooden Grosses Grosses protect against alongshore drift and backwash which means the beach will be fee from erosion and the beach material being washed downer by alongshore drift.In the ass's Correction county council built some wooden grosses and breastwork defenses however they have recently been deemed as coming to the end of their life and there then was a further need for protection of the km frontage. Rock Grosses Constructed near the Craig y Delay cliffs to the south of forth. Grosses do not add extra material to a beach, but merely retain some of the existing sediment on the updraft side of the grosses At the southern end Another strategy to protect against erosion from the waves the council built a series of onshore rock breakwater grosses. The grosses are mm long each Greene is followed by a breakwater.The rock grosses are made of rock obviously and commonly are basalt. â€Å"Two rock grosses and two rock breakwaters will be placed at intervals along the beach, and these will retain the shingle, in much the same way as the timber grosses do now. † – Correction council The present coastal defenses were designed in the sass, and the timber gr osses and breastworks directly fronting the village were constructed in stages urine the early sass's, with the grosses reducing the alongshore drift of sediment, and the breastwork providing a back stop to protect the shingle bank on which so much of Forth has been founded.The Multi-Purpose Reef The multi-purpose reef is located mm offshore which will be unobstructed and only to be seen when the shore is out. The idea is that the waves brake over the reef which will reduce the energy in the waves so they arrive at the beach with less force therefore reducing the amount of erosion and to encourage the development of a broader beach inshore. The reef has been created to protect the shingle beach from erosion however it has created a better surfing facility and so encouraging surfers to the area.Beach Nourishment â€Å"Sand and shingle will be placed on the beach to increase its width. This will provide Forth Village with more protection from incoming waves, as waves will be breaking further offshore and they will therefore have a wider beach over which their energy is released. † – Correction council Beach nourishment took place along all of the lower forth village frontage. The shingle was imported and placed along the village frontage to create a stable beach.Along the village frontage , the aim was to create and sustain a shingle beer with a minimum crest width of mm. Multipurpose reef – The reasons behind the construction of the multipurpose reef is to encourage the waves to brake on the reef and so losing their energy out offshore so when they reach the beach they have little energy therefore minimizing the chance of erosion by hydrophilic action.Another benefit of the reef is that it provides a very good surfing facility as it acts to focus and shape the waves to improve curability. The final aim of the reef was to encourage a wider beach inshore which is nether coast protection component. Beach Rock Grosses and Rock Breakwaters They placed to rock Grosses and two break waters in intervals along the beach which will stop long shore drift and protect the shingle beach the same as the timber ones but obviously much more durable.Beach Nourishment Sand and shingles will be bought by Correction council and deposited on the beach to extend its width. This therefore will increase the protection of Forth village from the incoming waves as they will be breaking further offshore and also have more beach for the waves to break their energy down on. 5. Collect a set of specific facts about the management strategies See within questions three and four 6.Who will benefit from the new strategies There are many people who will benefit for example The Locals It has become evident throughout my research that there is a main concern concerning this locals and the protection of their homes and businesses. All the protection elements of the scheme aim to protect against the erosion of the beaches which would eventually get further i nland and destroy their homes. Tourists The beach nourishment means that there is a wider beach therefore making it deter for tourists as there will be more room for more people and the beach will be more appealing to them.Also the construction of the multi purpose reef means there is a better surf facility for surfer visiting the forth coastline. Entrepreneurs of Forth and Hymnals Inevitably the Attraction of tourists to the beaches will benefit the local shop owners and restaurant owners and also holiday makers as there will be more people interested in visiting forth and hymnals because of the better coast conditions and so therefore more people to spend money in the local businesses

This essay is a biography of James Michael Curley (Mayor of Boston) from many sources. It tells about his background, in office life, and post office life.

This essay is a biography of James Michael Curley (Mayor of Boston) from many sources. It tells about his background, in office life, and post office life. James Michael CurleyThere has never been a mayor like James Michael Curley. He was one of the greatest political figures ever, and at the same time, was the one of the worst. He dramatically improved the City of Boston and the lives of the people in it. His accomplishments were as great as any mayor of any city in the country. At the same time, as a politician, he took money for his own personal use and twisted the truth to help him get what he wanted. To the lower class Irish voters of Boston he gave them jobs and the kind of life they had only dreamed about. James Michael Curley built much of the Boston we know today.James Michael Curley was born at home in Boston, Massachusetts on the cold, snowy day of November 20th, 1874, to Irish immigrant parents. His mother, Sarah moved to America from Connemara, Ireland in 1865 at the age of twelve.English:She worked as a domestic and cleaning woman her whole working life. His father, Michael Curley, also immigrated to America in 1865 when h e was just fourteen. He worked in as a laborer in construction.Boston in the late 1800's had two classes. The Yankees were in the upper class and the Irish were the lower class. There was a lot of discrimination and it was hard for the Irish to earn money to take care of their families. The Irish learned to depend on each other not trusting outsiders. Where possible they opened their own businesses, including Irish pubs and clubs. There were many nicknames for the Irish. One common one was paddy. The paddy wagon got named from the stereotype that the Irish were troublemakers and often taken to jail. Other nicknames were mick and mucker. Muckers...

buy custom Nursing Essay Example About Fraud in Electronic Health Records

buy custom Nursing Essay Example About Fraud in Electronic Health Records EHR and Nursing Practice Introduction The integration of technology into every dimension of health care has been crucial in promoting patient monitoring, assessment and eventually treatment. Most of the contemporary changes realized in nursing and the entire healthcare industry are due to technology. As a result, nursing informatics remains a key part of technology utilized by nurses in the course of healthcare provision. Furthermore, electronic healthcare records (EHR) has equally changed documentation of patient information as well as the overall provision of patient care. However, EHR fraud risks has emerged as a hot issue that threatens to render technology and informatics ineffective and inefficient in offering necessary patient care. In light of this, the paper involves the rationale for selecting the health IT topic of electronic health records, the arguments for its pros and cons, the informatics skills, conclusion and recommendations for the future. In essence, the integration of technology into every dimension of healthcare sector improves patient outcomes by ensuring efficiency is maintained.

Intergenerational Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intergenerational Interview - Essay Example At this state, the psychological crisis as characterized by Erickson is â€Å"integrity† versus â€Å"despair† (Shaffer & Kipp, 2009). Individuals in this stage are more associated with wisdom. For Erickson, integrity brought out two meanings. The first meaning involves consistency of values, actions, measures, methods, expectations, principles, and outcomes. It entails the ability of an individual to achieve his or her goals. The second meaning is an immanent quality of truthfulness and honesty as the major motivators of an individual’s actions. Despair is as a result of lack of hope (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2009). On reflecting on her life, Catherine feels like she has achieved enough in terms of taking care of her family. Integrity associated with this stage of life is evident in relation to Catherine when she looks at both her daughters, who are all independent, and feels successful. However, despair steps in when Catherine feels like she failed to do enough to keep her husband alive, even though there was nothing she could do, as she is very lonely. In addition, she feels like she did not make enough financial achievements and that she is going to run out of money, when in real sense she is not poor. One of the most significant developmental life events that Catherine went through was marriage. It is important to note that young adults have a need for establishing loving, intimate relationships with other individuals. The success of her marriage was highly important in her young and middle adulthood as she built a strong relationship with her husband and children. This is evident in her loneliness and her memories of her husband who died. Also, the distance of her daughters has increased her level of loneliness as they have established their families and live independently. However, the presence of her grandchildren has enabled her to establish new

Explain and comment on the proposition that the doctrine of the right Essay

Explain and comment on the proposition that the doctrine of the right of self-determination of peoples includes the legal entitl - Essay Example According to Franck (1990), symbolic validation and pedigree provide the cultural and anthropological dimension to legitimacy. Democratic entitlement has to shift to voluntary compliance, which depends on the strength of Reisman’s (1981) â€Å"the authority signal†. The legitimacy of a rule is based on its durability and consistency. Self-determination has a well-established pedigree, because it is the oldest aspect of the democratic entitlement. Self-determination asserts the right of a people in a particular territory â€Å"to determine its collective political destiny in a democratic fashion, and is therefore at the core of the democratic entitlement† (Franck 1992: 52). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the proposition that the doctrine of the right for self-determination of people includes the legal entitlement to democratic governance. Self determination among indigenous peoples will be examined on the basis of the United Nations Gene ral Assembly resolutions, and other relevant concepts will be investigated. The Need for Self-Determination in International Law Self determination has developed from its modest beginnings in the United Nations Charter to â€Å"a legal entitlement of decolonization and to a free-standing human right† (Higgins 1995: 115). ... ermination of Jews during the Holocaust, followed by mass killing of gypsies or Romas and other groups, mass deportation to clean out unpopular ethnic groups, the Potsdam Agreement in 1945 between Russia, the United States and the United Kingdom authorizing the expulsion of some fifteen million people of German ethnic origin who had been citizens in different parts of Europe, and other large-scale forced transfers during the same period of turmoil. A new international legal order based on pluralism and tolerance was developed. The International Bill of Human Rights emphasized the equality of all human beings â€Å"irrespective of national or ethnic origin – and also irrespective of race, religion and gender† (Tomuschat 1992: 152). States were responsible for securing human rights in their own domestic system; and their autonomy was understood as popular sovereignty. In article 21 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the authority of government would be based on the will of the people, which they will express through periodic, genuine and fair voting procedures. â€Å"Consequently, democratic governance was an essential component – both a precondition and a right in itself† (Tomuschat 1992: 152). The right of peoples to self-determination was introduced in the Covenants mainly with decolonization as an aim. At the same time, the underlying rationale for self-determination is that of popular sovereignty based on people governing themselves. The most important principle of international law is that of territorial integrity, the maintenance of the inherited State and of the population residing in that State. Changes can be introduced only when there are justified claims of self-determination; and the international community has to clarify for whom the principle

Should Adultery be illegal Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should Adultery be illegal - Research Proposal Example Although adults are consenting individuals and should be permitted to sleep with whomever they choose, adultery should be illegal because it is a violation of a legal contract and a cause for divorce. Adults are consenting adults and are permitted to sleep with whomever they choose to unless he/she is a minor. Currently, the American society comprises of different sexual relationships including heterosexual and homosexual associations, and although homosexual marriages remain largely illegal in several states, others in the US have legalized the practice. Legalizing same sex marriage is a clear indication of the respect that the law accords individuals in the choice of a marital partner, if both partners are adults (Ethridge and Stephen, 2004). Even though adults are consenting and permitted to sleep with whomever they want to, adultery should be illegal because it is a major cause for fault base divorce. According to Arterburn, Fred, and Yorkey (2000), one or both parties in a marit al union dissolve most of their heterosexual marriages in United States on allegations of adultery. This leads to psychological, economical and social suffering to all concerned parties, including children.

Bruce Feilers Walking the Bible Essay Example for Free

Bruce Feilers Walking the Bible Essay Bruce Feiler gives his readers new perspectives on the background of the events told in the Five Books of Moses, and on the Bible itself. The book is concerned with how the land itself had a deep influence (and still has a deep influence) on the bible and the spiritual culture of the people, and the author attempts to demonstrate how the bible is still relevant today. The book is an attempt to provide a cultural and historical context for the Bible. It is peppered with the authors thoughtful insights on the relationship of the land and its people, and relates the path of (re)discovery of faith as a result of the journey, while also providing a good starting point for anyone desiring to travel through the Middle East. The book, of course, is not an objective, scholarly work, and should not be taken as such. Although scholarly views of the events outlined in the five books and of the land and culture relevant to these events are presented, it is by no means a scientific work, as obvious from the religious theme of the book. Feiler takes the reader on a two-year exploration of the first five books of the Bible, by actually trekking through the land in which the events in the five books occur. The land itself is the focus of the book. He provides his insights on the effects of the land of the people, ancient and modern, and relates the views of the Jews on the relationship between god and the people. He describes the wilderness as instrumental in uniting the ancient Israelites as a people. He describes his experience in the desert, the journey through which Feiler states is the core of the first five books. It is in the desert where he experienced the â€Å"raw human emotion involved in being in a stark place, confronting the limitations of ones upbringing, and trying to forge a new identity in the midst of a difficult, transforming journey. † Feiler did not have a strong motivating purpose at the start of his journey, but he relates the significant change in attitude that the journey brought to himself. His initial intention was merely to be a tourist of sorts, using the Bible as a travel guide to experience and appreciate the land in which the events in the first five books of the Bible occur, but when he starts his journey, he finds out that there is a palpable â€Å"connection† between the land and the people, and he stops seeing the Bible as merely a travel guide. Through his journey he develops insights into himself concerning his faith, particularly on his identity as a Jew. Feiler â€Å"rediscovers† his faith as a result of this journey, and provides some unique perspectives on the five books of Moses. Of course, as it focuses on the land, the book is also a travel memoir, a travel guide of sorts, providing useful tidbits for readers intending to journey there as well. Through his gustatory descriptions of geographical features, he manages to convey his impression of the sacredness of the land. He provides some background on scientific and historical arguments that have concerned the authenticity of the bible, but ultimately demonstrates that such concerns on empirical facts have little bearing on faith. He also outlines the influences of Israels relationships with neighboring lands, particularly Egypt and Mesopotamia, and how the culture of Israel was deeply connected to the land itself. The book focuses on faith, on history, and on travel, all in the context of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. As a work of literature, it is not outstanding. As a travel memoir, it provides some useful and entertaining facts about the geography and culture of Israel. But the book is mostly focused on the author himself, on his views and insights gained from his journey; the book succeeds ultimately as a spiritual undertaking.

Airlines In Aviation Industry Of Malaysia Marketing Essay

Airlines In Aviation Industry Of Malaysia Marketing Essay Malaysia Airlines (MAS) is the government-owned flag carrier of Malaysia. It is the largest and last long airlines in aviation industry of Malaysia. There are two factors that are affecting the performance of MAS which are Macro and Micro Business Environment. Macro environment factors will be the beginning. Firstly, the political environment are newly set or amended by the government. Malaysia has a Civil Aviation Act 1969 [Act 3]  [1]  that makes better provision in the law relating to Civil Aviation and for matters connected therewith and ancillary to it. Secondly is the social cultural environment. The social and cultural dimensions of the environment consist of customs, lifestyles, and values that characterize the society in which the firm operates. MAS have take action to fulfill their social responsibility to participate in the carbon offset program and the Kyoto Protocol. Carbon offset program is one of the efforts made by people to slow down global warming and Kyoto Protocol is to stabilized the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at an appropriate level, thus preventing severe damage of climate change on human. Next will be the technological environment. MAS airline had advanced their technology to meet their customer needs in information technology such as provide online services. Demographic play an important role in affecting sales of MAS. As the population increase, the number of potential customers will also increase. The last one will be the economic environment. MAS have many connections throughout the world and it will give a big impact to the company if there are any changes in economy level. Second main factors will be the micro environment factors. Competitors are the main issue in the highly competitive market, thus MAS keep an eye on their competitors and try to predict their likely next moves in order to survive. Other than that, customers are the main resources of revenue to the airlines. MAS have to be able to find out the customers needs on the flight services. The quality of employees services has been upgraded to a different level by having the training program and academy the provided by MAS. Besides, the intermediaries are also playing an important role. Access to effective intermediaries can be decisive for marketing success. MAS got their own intermediaries to help them sell the flight tickets. The media helps MAS to create awareness to the public about the MAS and its activities or promotions. We have undertaken SWOT analysis to identify the company strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Our recommendations had been based upon the analysis. Business Environment in Malaysia According to World Bank, Malaysia ranks 24th in the Ease of doing business. Malaysia is an excellent destination to do business. Malaysia has a favorable demographic structure and geographically advantages. Meanwhile, the economy condition is stable at the moment. Malaysia government are welcoming foreign investment in Malaysia and establish legal requirement to guide and protect foreign investment  [2]  .  (Malaysia Business Environment, 2010) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia expanded at an annual rate of 2.40 percent in the second quarter of 2010 from the previous quarter. From 2000 until 2010, Malaysias average quarterly GDP Growth was 1.18 percent reaching an historical high of 5.70 percent in September of 2009 and a record low of -7.80 percent in March of 2009 (Refer appendix 1.1). The inflation rate in Malaysia was last reported at 1.90 percent in July of 2010. From 2005 until 2010, the average inflation rate in Malaysia was 2.77 percent reaching an historical high of 8.50 percent in July of 2008 and a record low of -2.40 percent in July of 2009. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power  [3]  (Refer appendix 1.2). (Trading Economics, 2010) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Malaysia is set up following the holding of at least 10% of the total equity in a resident company by a non-resident investor.  Malaysia has been one of the most successful Southeast Asian countries in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).  Malaysia has been an encouraging economy to foreign investors. The FDI movement is derived from financial institutions and non transaction factors like foreign exchanges, price changes, and other changes during the reference period  [4]  . (Trade Chakra Website, 2010) Foreign envoys have commended Malaysias Economic Transformation Programme (ETP), an action plan that will see the country becoming a high-income economy by 2020.The comprehensive ETP, which was launched on 25 October, has 131 entry-point projects (EPPs), 12 reporting labs and 60 business opportunities, which will eventually create some 3.3 million new jobs  [5]  . (MIDA Official Website, 2010) The unemployment rate in Malaysia was last reported at 3.70 percent in March of 2010. From 1998 until 2010, Malaysias Unemployment Rate averaged 3.43 percent reaching an historical high of 4.50 percent in March of 1999 and a record low of 2.90 percent in March of 1998  [6]  (Refer appendix 1.3).  (Trading Economics, 2010) Malaysia is now moving-up the value chain and is currently focusing on attracting high-technology, high value-added, knowledge-based and skills intensive industries, incorporating activities such as design and development and research and development. The last decade has seen a deepening and widening of Malaysias industrial base as well as the further development of its services sector. As such, a strong foundation has been laid for the economy to move forward into the new globalised environment. Company Background Malaysian Airline System Berhad, also known as Malaysia Airlines (MAS) is the government-owned flag carrier of Malaysia. Malaysia Airlines operates flights from its home base, Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and its secondary hub in Kota Kinabalu. It has its headquarters on the grounds of Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Selangor. Malaysia Airlines had its humble beginning in the golden age of travel. A joint initiative of the Ocean Steamship Company of Liverpool, the Straits Steamship of Singapore and Imperial Airways led to a proposal to the government of the Colonial Straits Settlement to run an air service between Penang and Singapore. The result was the incorporation of Malayan Airways Limited (MAL) on 12 October 1937. On 2 April 1947, MAL took to the skies with its first commercial flight as the national airline. Fuelled by a young and dynamic team of visionaries, the domestic carrier turned into an international airline in less than a decade. With the formation of Malaysia in 1963, the airline changed its name to Malaysian Airlines Limited and soon after, Borneo Airways was incorporated into MAL. Within 20 years, MAL grew from a single aircraft operator into a company with 2,400 employees and a fleet operator using the then latest Comet IV jet aircraft, 6 F27s, 8 DCs and 2 Pioneers. In 1965, with the separation of Singapore from Malaysia, MAL became a bi-national airline and was renamed Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (MSA). A new logo was introduced and the airline grew exponentially with new services to Perth, Taipei, Rome and London. However, in 1973, the partners went separate ways; Malaysia introduced Malaysian Airline Limited, which was subsequently renamed Malaysian Airline System, or simply known as Malaysia Airlines. Today, Malaysia Airlines flies nearly 50,000 passengers daily to some 100 destinations worldwide.   The airline holds a lengthy record of service and best practices excellence, having received more than 100 awards in the last 10 years. The most notable ones include being the first airline with the Worlds Best Cabin Crew by Skytrax UK consecutively from 2001 until 2004, 5-star Airline in 2005 and 2006, as well as No.1 for Economy Class Onboard Excellence 2006 also by Skytrax UK. It is one of only six airlines to be given a 5-star status airline by Skytrax (the other 5 are Asiana Airlines from South Korea, Cathay Pacific from Hong Kong, Qatar Airways from Qatar, Singapore Airlines from Singapore and Kingfisher Airlines from India).  [7]  (Malaysia Airlines Home Page, 2010) Macro Environment Political and legal environment The political environment is one of the less predictable elements in an organizations business environment. Political environment has a great impact on the opportunity and threats of Malaysia Airlines. The ASEAN open sky agreement took effect in December 2008 and is scheduled to be fully implemented by 2015  [8]  (Wikipedia, 2010). The agreement will allow regional air carriers to make unlimited flights to all 10 ASEAN member states. According to Minister of Transport Malaysia Dato Seri Kong Cho Ha, the agreement will further expand and open cities in ASEAN member nations and from all routes, and he also believes that it will bring regions positive development of the aviation industry. This development plan is including flight liberalization, aviation safety, air traffic management, aviation technology, aviation environmental protection, air management framework and human resources development. As the biggest government owned flag carrier of Malaysia, MAS also be protected and to consolidate its international image in the ASEAN. The Malaysian government has never had a clear written commercial air transport policy. The national carrier MAS was asked to operate both domestic and international services but in the early years, more emphasis was placed on domestic services. The case of the emergence of AirAsias approval to operate low-fare services both for domestic and international services cause a ridiculous situation where MAS had to compete with AirAsia which was charging low fares, being a low-cost carrier as MAS fares and rates were controlled by the government. However, since 2007, MAS has been allowed to charge its own domestic fares. By this, MAS can meet the demand of the public for low fares with a fair and balanced consideration  [9]  . (The Malay Mail Homepage, 2010) Besides, the policy of the other countries will also affect MAS performance. For example, the airport tax of Changi Airport in Singapore will be rise in 2011. The airlines and travelers using Changi Airport will have to pay more start from April next year. The travelers subjected to a passenger service charge and a security service charge which will be added to the price of the air ticket. This will result in budget travelers also paying more. This might reduce the number of customers to take flight with MAS to go to Singapore as they need to pay more on the tickets price  [10]  . (Airport Charge Website, 2010) The legal environment serves to define what organizations can and cannot do at a particular point in time. Normally acts and regulations are not directly affected MAS daily operation; it is only a way to decease the criminal. The following are Aviation Acts and Regulations: Civil Aviation Act 1969 [Act 3] An act to make better provision in the law relating to Civil Aviation and for matters connected therewith and ancillary to it. Carriage By Air Act 1974 [Act 148] An act to give effect to certain Conventions relating to carriage by air and to provide for matters connected therewith and ancillary thereto. Civil Aviation Offences Act 1984 [Act 307] An act to give effect to the Convention on Offences and Certain other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971, and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, concluded at Montreal on 24 February 1988 and for purposes connected therewith. Airport and Aviation Services (Operating Company) Act 1991 [Act 467] An act to provide for the vesting of property, rights and liabilities of the Government of Malaysia relating to civil aviation in a company, to make financial arrangements for that company, to provide for matters relating to staff and for other matters connected therewith. International Interest In Mobile Equipment (Aircraft) Act 2006 [Act 659] An Act to implement the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment. Social and cultural environment The social and cultural dimensions of the environment consist of customs, lifestyles, and values that characterize the society in which the firm operates. Social and cultural components of the environment influence the ability of the firm to obtain resources, make its goods and services, and function within the society. Social and cultural factors include anything within the context of society that has the potential to affect an organization. Population demographics, rising educational levels, norms and values, and attitudes toward social responsibility are examples of Social and cultural variables. MAS airline are not only do their business on Malaysia and also on other countries, especially Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Middle East and on the Kangaroo Route between Europe and Australasia. Every social and cultural factor of those countries may affect MAS airlines operation. MAS airline are trying many way to match all different cultural and social factors to gain their profit. And now MAS airline was co-operation with 31 airlines those from different countries to know more about the local cultural and social. As we know MAS airline has more 50 years doing their business in Malaysia, so they are always no forget the Malaysia people. We can know that from their uniform, female flight attendants are wearing Sarong Kebaya which are superimposed on the kelarai motif is a mixture of Malaysian flora, such as the cempaka, jasmine and the leaves of the hibiscus. Recently, MAS airline was launched some new services and promotions for their lovely Malaysia local people. Such as Balik Kampung, it means going back to hometown, the super low fares are also perfect for customer business and holiday trips with 5-star airline come standard at no extra charge. MAS have take action to fulfill their social responsibility to participate in the carbon offset program and the Kyoto Protocol. Carbon offset program is one of the efforts made by people to slow down global warming  [11]  (Refer appendix 2.1). With this environmentally friendly manner, MAS calculates the required economic cost to offset these carbon dioxide emissions, and then contribute to the specialized enterprises or institutions after aware that 2% of the worlds carbon emissions of greenhouse gases are contributed by the aviation industry. (Wikipedia, 2010) The purpose of the Kyoto Protocol is stabilized the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at an appropriate level, thus preventing severe damage of climate change on human  [12]  . Malaysia as one of the signatories, MAS also has an obligation to perform their responsibilities to restore the harsh environment of earth. Besides that, MAS also implement the Green Plan Concept in their operation and management that consist of Reduce, Recycle, and Re-use. The plan not only focuses to reduce material and energy consumption, reduce emissions of harmful substances, but also concerned in make products and components to facilitate the separate collection and recycling or re-use. (Wikipedia, 2010) Technology environment Technology is another aspect of the environment a firm should consider in developing strategic plans. Changing technology may affect the demand for a firms products and services, its production processes, and raw materials. Technological changes may create new opportunities for the firm, or threaten the survival of a product, firm, or industry. Technological innovation continues to move at an increasingly rapid rate. MAS airline had advanced their technology to meet their customer needs in information technology such as provide online services (tickets selling) that able to reserve the seats their needs (Refer appendix 2.2). MAS airline was providing e-ticketing, its an easy way for their customer to purchase ticket but only can allow a party of 9 passengers and below in a single booking. There is a 6 alphanumeric character given during booking and also printed on your E-Ticket. It is also referred to as Booking Reference, Reloc MH etc. This information technology has a certain role in promoting the number of airline passenger. MAS continue to improve airport facilities technology such as airport construction and equipment installation, new energy and environmental technologies airport, airport lighting, airport barrier-free facilities and technology, airport construction steel, ground support equipment and services etc to promote the development of the airport and increase the satisfaction of passengers. Most of Malaysia Airlines aircraft are made by Boeing Company (Refer appendix 2.3); Boeing Company is the world leader in the aerospace industry company and the worlds largest manufacturer of civil and military aircraft. It also increases the confidence of passengers on MAS airplanes. In addition, the rotor design and manufacture, electronic systems and advanced information and communications systems of Boeing aircraft are effective in helping Malaysia Airlines to provide the best in-flight services. Malaysia Airlines (MAS) is considering an additional aircraft type for its new fleet plan- the A350, B787 Dreamliner or Boeings latest B777 variant, B777-300. MAS already have three B737-800s on lease. The airline, in an effort to lock in its financing costs early, has also issued out request for financing proposals to cover its deliveries until 2012. MAS plan to receive 14 B737-800s, eight A330-300s and five A380s by the end of 2012. Economy environment Economic factors refer to the character and direction of the economic system within which the firm operates. Economic factors include the balance of payments, the state of the business cycle, the distribution of income within the population, and governmental monetary and fiscal policies. The impact of economic factors may also differ between industries. From the perspective of the world economy, world trade growth will slow down; the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis has caused turmoil in international financial markets and the slowing U.S. economy, and to some degree of drag on the global economic growth. This also affected the MAS must holding a conservative approach in decision making to reduce the risk. But according to optimistic forecasts by senior economist at HSBC Global Research, economic growth in Malaysia is expected up 7.3% this year supported by the strong rebound in exports and soaring commodity prices. The overall level of consumer prices rise about 8% and domestic economic development will benefit the entire aviation industry. As one of the company airlines, MAS airline has many connections throughout the world and it will give a big impact to the company if there are any changes in economy level. As we know economy of Malaysia are growing slightly, people purchasing power are growing slightly also. More and more people are spending their money for travelling either out of Malaysia or in Malaysia. Normally, people will purchase more during some season especially the school holiday. MAS was providing some promotion to increase their revenue, such as ASEAN Pass, Balik Kampung, MAS Holidays Packages, etc. Demographic Environment The population growth has a great impact on the sales of Malaysia Airlines. The population in Malaysia was increasing from 23,274,690 (2000) to 28,306,700 (2009)(Refer appendix 2.4). The increasing numbers of population in Malaysia will affect MAS sales indirectly. As the population increase, the number of potential customers will also increase. At the same time, the demand for MAS services and products will also increase. Due to this reason, MAS should satisfy the needs of the future customers in order to increase the sales. Based on the statistic, the population of East Malaysia in year 2009 is 5,793,700 and the population of West Malaysia in year 2009 is 22,513,000 (Refer appendix 2.4). This shows that the population of West Malaysia is more than East Malaysia. Therefore, MAS should pay more attention to the West Malaysia because there has a higher opportunity and faster growth for MAS. Micro Environment There are some factors or elements in an organizations immediate area of operations that affect its performance and decision making freedom. These factors include competitors, customers, intermediaries, employees, media and shareholders. Competitors Competitors exist in all the industry. In airlines industry, MAS have many competitors such as Air Asia, Tiger airway, Jetstar and others. The major competitor for MAS is Air Asia. In this highly competitive market, MAS should keep an eye on their competitors and try to predict their likely next moves. Air Asia offers a device called e-player that allow customers to select and switch between movies, tv shows, music and games by pressing the screen (Refer appendix 3.1). Due to this, MAS also offer customers their very own 10.4 LCD touch screen monitor to watch any one of 12 video channels of their choice in their personal space (Refer appendix 3.2). The screen monitor also becomes a video game console if the customer needs extra excitement  [13]  . (The business environment 6th edition ,Adrian Palmer Bob Hartley 1.3.4 ,pg15) Although they have many competitors, but MAS also can outstanding. This is because MAS use the non-price decision strategy. They use this strategy to remove themselves from the price competition. MAS competes their competitors by providing the best services to the customers. For examples, MAS provides a comfortable seat (versatile new flat bed seat) to their customer (Refer appendix 3.3). Besides that, MAS and their competitors also got provide the online services like purchase tickets or check the schedule of the flight to the customers (Refer appendix 2.2). But MAS always upgrade their website to ensure the customers can browse their website faster and not waste the consumer time. At the other sides, MAS also provide the high quality of food and drinks to the customers. All the food that they provide is clean and healthy. Customers Malaysia Airline System (MAS) is the largest airline in Malaysia. The target market for MAS is frequent travelers, businessmen, families with young children and new marriage couples. The airline industry is full of operators that fly to many locations form many other locations. Therefore it is possible for a customer wanting to travel to be able to select from a whole range of companies. No one company has a monopoly on flights to a country. This means that the customer will have a lot of power and be able to select when they want to fly at the price that they are willing to pay. Hence, MAS should pay attention on the behaviors and demand of the customers. Businessmen always travel around the world to do businesses. There is a statistic shows that businessmen are the most frequent people that taking flight. It is important for MAS to do research about the businessmens demand on flight services as businessmen are the biggest group of customers for them. MAS introduce a frequent flyer program called Enrich by Malaysia Airlines (Refer appendix 3.4). This program is for frequent travelers that comprises a variety of airlines, banks, credit-card issuers, hotels and lifestyle retailers around the world. Therefore, the businessmens demand can be fulfilled by this program. Additionally, research shows that the number of teenagers taking flight is increasing. Nowadays, teenagers are doing everything online include buying stuff, checking for information and so on. Since teenagers are the future potential customer, thus, MAS provide online services such as online tickets booking, online schedule checking, tickets price checking, hotel booking and so on (Refer appendix 2.2). Intermediaries Access to effective intermediaries can be decisive for marketing success. MAS got their own intermediaries to help them sell the flight tickets. Travel agency is one of the intermediaries of MAS. The travel agency provides many packages of tour to customers and the ticket of MAS. Travel agency introduced some tour packages with flight tickets. Most customers will buy the whole packages include the tickets from the travel agency directly because the price of the tickets are cheaper. This can also helps the customers to save their time to go book or buy tickets online. Besides that, MAS also established the ticket office in many place. The ticket office will help MAS to sell the tickets to customers. It will convenient the customer that live far away from the airport. Other than that, hotel also considers as an intermediary for MAS. MAS also provided hotel booking services to the customers for their convenient and benefits them such as will get cash refund with term and condition (Refer appendix 3.5). Transportation service is also provided in the packages to customers between airport and hotel when they reach their destination. At the other sides, MAS also hire the agents to help them sell the tickets. The agents will sell the ticket in Matta Travel Fair and others. Many customers will buy the tickets from agents because it is cheaper and easy to get. Employees An employee contribution to an organization is very important. Employees are one of the main reasons for MAS to obtain the achievement for today. Employing the right staff and keeping these staff motivated is a necessary move for an organization. MAS give academy for the employees to provide the training program to their employees and train their employee become professional (Refer appendix 3.6). The academy includes operations management, business and finance, people and technology, jeppesen training, service training and so on. Like this, the customers will get the professional services from the employees of MAS. And MAS can gain competitive advantages from doing this  [14]  . (Malaysia Airlines Homepage, 2010) Besides that, MAS also provide many offers to their employees. They will give free tickets to their employees and travel to other country. On the other hands, MAS also will give more discounts to the family members of their employees. MAS also give the high salary and allowance to their employees. At the other sides, MAS also give high bonus to their employees. Like this, their employees will more hardworking to work and also provide the best services to the consumers. Media Malaysia Airlines (MAS) advertising campaign designed to create awareness to public about the MAS and its activities or promotions. The media is use to improve the communication between MAS and public. MAS internet website is update frequently in order to update customer knowledge about MAS services and activities.MAS also hired advertising agency to design a series of ads to promote their flight plans and catches the attention of customers (Refer appendix 3.7). MAS also advertise on the television to emphasize the quality of services provided by the crew cabin on the plane. This strategy can increase interest of the customers to take a flight with MAS. MAS were on television to promote their Air Bus A380 one kind of their airplane to their customers to build confidence on five-star air services. SWOT Analysis SWOT stand for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis is an instrumental for examining the overall strategic position of a business and its environment. In other words, SWOT analysis is use to analyze the Strengths and Weaknesses of your organization, as well as the Opportunities and Threats revealed by the information you have gathered on the external environment. Strengths MAS Has World Class Image Malaysia Airlines (MAS) is a well-known government-owned flag carrier of Malaysia. It is the pride of a nation, their success is important to the country. This means that they are funded by the government. Based on the statistic from Sep 15, 2010 through Nov 15, 2010, the current on-time performance of MAS is 96% which is one of the highest in worldwide (Refer appendix 4.1). MAS have an average delay of 11.0 minutes and it is a better performance than other flights (Refer appendix 4.1). Unless there is terrorism or disease burst out, otherwise MAS market prospects are better with growth of tourism and increase in disposable incomes. The benefits can only be easily gained if both Changi and KL International Airport maintain similar facilities and procedures. Besides, Malaysia Airlines is being ranked as the worlds top 10 airlines. And it is also one of the only six airlines to be given a 5-star status airline by Skytrax  [15]  . (Flight Stats Website) MAS Has Good Facilities MAS have invested a large amount of money on IT and they use this IT to the benefits of satisfied their customers needs and enhanced their overall performance. MAS provide comfortable seats, safeties, and food and beverage supplies. The versatile new flat bed seat that MAS provide allow the customers to enjoy the comfort afforded by several preset positions accessible just at the touch of a button (Refer appendix 3.3). The headrest is adjustable and the massage elements provide maximum comfort to customers. In addition, the best part about MAS versatile new flat bed seat was that each chair had a liquid crystal display television (Refer appendix 3.2). The 10.4 LCD touch screen monitor had video game console and it allows customers to watch any one of 12 video channels of your choice in your personal